Fix typo in update scripts for some contrib modules.
WITH CHECK OPTION support for auto-updatable VIEWs

For simple views which are automatically updatable, this patch allows
the user to specify what level of checking should be done on records
being inserted or updated.  For 'LOCAL CHECK', new tuples are validated
against the conditionals of the view they are being inserted into, while
for 'CASCADED CHECK' the new tuples are validated against the
conditionals for all views involved (from the top down).

This option is part of the SQL specification.

Dean Rasheed, reviewed by Pavel Stehule
Fix regex match failures for backrefs combined with non-greedy quantifiers.

An ancient logic error in cfindloop() could cause the regex engine to fail
to find matches that begin later than the start of the string.  This
function is only used when the regex pattern contains a back reference,
and so far as we can tell the error is only reachable if the pattern is
non-greedy (i.e. its first quantifier uses the ? modifier).  Furthermore,
the actual match must begin after some potential match that satisfies the
DFA but then fails the back-reference's match test.

Reported and fixed by Jeevan Chalke, with cosmetic adjustments by me.
Add checks for valid multibyte character length in UtfToLocal, LocalToUtf.

This is mainly to suppress "uninitialized variable" warnings from very
recent versions of gcc.  But it seems like a good robustness thing anyway,
not to mention that we might someday decide to support 6-byte UTF8.

Per report from Karol Trzcionka.  No back-patch since there's no reason
at the moment to think this is more than cosmetic.
Initialize day of year value.

There are cases where the day of year value in struct tm is used, but it never
got calculated. Problem found by Coverity scan.
doc: Fix typos in conversion names.

David Christensen
Fix HeapTupleSatisfiesVacuum on aborted updater xacts

By using only the macro that checks infomask bits
HEAP_XMAX_IS_LOCKED_ONLY to verify whether a multixact is not an
updater, and not the full HeapTupleHeaderIsOnlyLocked, it would come to
the wrong result in case of a multixact containing an aborted update;
therefore returning the wrong result code.  This would cause predicate.c
to break completely (as in bug report #8273 from David Leverton), and
certain index builds would misbehave.  As far as I can tell, other
callers of the bogus routine would make harmless mistakes or not be
affected by the difference at all; so this was a pretty narrow case.

Also, no other user of the HEAP_XMAX_IS_LOCKED_ONLY macro is as
careless; they all check specifically for the HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI case,
and they all verify whether the updater is InvalidXid before concluding
that it's a valid updater.  So there doesn't seem to be any similar bug.
Clean up new JSON API typedefs

The new JSON API uses a bit of an unusual typedef scheme, where for
example OkeysState is a pointer to okeysState.  And that's not applied
consistently either.  Change that to the more usual PostgreSQL style
where struct typedefs are upper case, and use pointers explicitly.
Fix error handling in PLy_spi_execute_fetch_result().

If an error is thrown out of the datatype I/O functions called by this
function, we need to do subtransaction cleanup, which the previous coding
entirely failed to do.  Fortunately, both existing callers of this function
already have proper cleanup logic, so re-throwing the exception is enough.

Also, postpone creation of the resultset tupdesc until after the I/O
conversions are complete, so that we won't leak memory in TopMemoryContext
when such an error happens.
Add infrastructure for mapping relfilenodes to relation OIDs.

Future patches are expected to introduce logical replication that
works by decoding WAL.  WAL contains relfilenodes rather than relation
OIDs, so this infrastructure will be needed to find the relation OID
based on WAL contents.

If logical replication does not make it into this release, we probably
should consider reverting this, since it will add some overhead to DDL
operations that create new relations.  One additional index insert per
pg_class row is not a large overhead, but it's more than zero.
Another way of meeting the needs of logical replication would be to
the relation OID to WAL, but that would burden DML operations, not
only DDL.

Andres Freund, with some changes by me.  Design review, in earlier
versions, by Álvaro Herrera.
Silence compiler warning on an unused variable

Also, tweak wording in comments (per Andres) and documentation (myself)
to point out that it's the database's default tablespace that can be
passed as 0, not DEFAULTTABLESPACE_OID.  Robert Haas noticed the bug in
the code, but didn't update the accompanying prose.
Adjust HeapTupleSatisfies* routines to take a HeapTuple.

Previously, these functions took a HeapTupleHeader, but upcoming
patches for logical replication will introduce new a new snapshot
type under which the tuple's TID will be used to lookup (CMIN, CMAX)
for visibility determination purposes.  This makes that information
available.  Code churn is minimal since HeapTupleSatisfiesVisibility
took the HeapTuple anyway, and deferenced it before calling the
satisfies function.

Independently of logical replication, this allows t_tableOid and
t_self to be cross-checked via assertions in tqual.c.  This seems
like a useful way to make sure that all callers are setting these
values properly, which has been previously put forward as
desirable.

Andres Freund, reviewed by Álvaro Herrera
Remove bgw_sighup and bgw_sigterm.

Per discussion on pgsql-hackers, these aren't really needed.  Interim
versions of the background worker patch had the worker starting with
signals already unblocked, which would have made this necessary.
But the final version does not, so we don't really need it; and it
doesn't work well with the new facility for starting dynamic background
workers, so just rip it out.

Also per discussion on pgsql-hackers, back-patch this change to 9.3.
It's best to get the API break out of the way before we do an
official release of this facility, to avoid more pain for extension
authors later.
pgrowlocks: Use GetActiveSnapshot() rather than SnapshotNow.

Per discussion, it's desirable to eliminate all remaining uses of
SnapshotNow, because it has unpleasant semantics: race conditions
can result in seeing multiple versions of a concurrently updated
row, or none at all.  By using GetActiveSnapshot() here, callers
will see exactly those rows that would have been visible if the
invoking query had scanned the table using, for example, a SELECT
statement.

This is slightly different from the old behavior, because commits
that happen concurrently with the scan will not affect the results.
In REPEATABLE READ or SERIALIZABLE modes, where transaction
snapshots are used, commits that have happened since the start of
the transaction will also not affect the results.  It is hoped
that this minor incompatibility will be thought an improvement,
or at least no worse than what we did before.
Fix cache flush hazard in ExecRefreshMatView.

Andres Freund
Add --rate option.

This controls the target transaction rate to certain tps, rather than
maximum. Patch contributed by Fabien COELHO, reviewed by Greg Smith,
and slight editing by me.
doc: Remove tab from SGML file
ecpg: Move function prototype into header file

PGTYPEStimestamp_defmt_scan() was declared twice inside different .c
files, with slightly different prototypes.  Move it into a header file
and correct the prototype.
Additional regression tests for ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY.

Robins Tharakan, reviewed by Szymon Guz
Use InvalidSnapshot, now SnapshotNow, as the default snapshot.

As far as I can determine, there's no code in the core distribution
that fails to explicitly set the snapshot of a scan or executor
state.  If there is any such code, this will probably cause it to
seg fault; friendlier suggestions were discussed on pgsql-hackers,
but there was no consensus that anything more than this was
needed.

This is another step towards the hoped-for complete removal of
SnapshotNow.