Don't abort pg_basebackup when receiving empty WAL block

This is a similar fix as c6ec8793aa59d1842082e14b4b4aae7d4bd883fd
9.2. This should never happen in 9.3 and newer since the special case
cannot happen there, but this patch synchronizes up the code so there
is no confusion on why they're different. An empty block is as harmless
in 9.3 as it was in 9.2, and can safely be ignored.
Re-allow duplicate aliases within aliased JOINs.

Although the SQL spec forbids duplicate table aliases, historically
we've allowed queries like
    SELECT ... FROM tab1 x CROSS JOIN (tab2 x CROSS JOIN tab3 y) z
on the grounds that the aliased join (z) hides the aliases within it,
therefore there is no conflict between the two RTEs named "x".  The
LATERAL patch broke this, on the misguided basis that "x" could be
ambiguous if tab3 were a LATERAL subquery.  To avoid breaking existing
queries, it's better to allow this situation and complain only if
tab3 actually does contain an ambiguous reference.  We need only remove
the check that was throwing an error, because the column lookup code
is already prepared to handle ambiguous references.  Per bug #8444.
Fix ruleutils pretty-printing to not generate trailing whitespace.

The pretty-printing logic in ruleutils.c operates by inserting a newline
and some indentation whitespace into strings that are already valid SQL.
This naturally results in leaving some trailing whitespace before the
newline in many cases; which can be annoying when processing the output
with other tools, as complained of by Joe Abbate.  We can fix that in
a pretty localized fashion by deleting any trailing whitespace before
we append a pretty-printing newline.  In addition, we have to modify the
code inserted by commit 2f582f76b1945929ff07116cd4639747ce9bb8a1 so that
we also delete trailing whitespace when transposing items from temporary
buffers into the main result string, when a temporary item starts with a
newline.

This results in rather voluminous changes to the regression test results,
but it's easily verified that they are only removal of trailing whitespace.

Back-patch to 9.3, because the aforementioned commit resulted in many
more cases of trailing whitespace than had occurred in earlier branches.
Fix failure with whole-row reference to a subquery.

Simple oversight in commit 1cb108efb0e60d87e4adec38e7636b6e8efbeb57 ---
recursively examining a subquery output column is only sane if the
original Var refers to a single output column.  Found by Kevin Grittner.