lib/int_sqrt.c: optimize square root algorithm

Optimize the current version of the shift-and-subtract (hardware)
algorithm, described by John von Newmann[1] and Guy L Steele.

Iterating 1,000,000 times, perf shows for the current version:

 Performance counter stats for './sqrt-curr' (10 runs):

         27.170996 task-clock                #    0.979 CPUs utilized            ( +-  3.19% )
                 3 context-switches          #    0.103 K/sec                    ( +-  4.76% )
                 0 cpu-migrations            #    0.004 K/sec                    ( +-100.00% )
               104 page-faults               #    0.004 M/sec                    ( +-  0.16% )
        64,921,199 cycles                    #    2.389 GHz                      ( +-  0.03% )
        28,967,789 stalled-cycles-frontend   #   44.62% frontend cycles idle     ( +-  0.18% )
   <not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
       104,502,623 instructions              #    1.61  insns per cycle
                                             #    0.28  stalled cycles per insn  ( +-  0.00% )
        34,088,368 branches                  # 1254.587 M/sec                    ( +-  0.00% )
             4,901 branch-misses             #    0.01% of all branches          ( +-  1.32% )

       0.027763015 seconds time elapsed                                          ( +-  3.22% )

And for the new version:

Performance counter stats for './sqrt-new' (10 runs):

          0.496869 task-clock                #    0.519 CPUs utilized            ( +-  2.38% )
                 0 context-switches          #    0.000 K/sec
                 0 cpu-migrations            #    0.403 K/sec                    ( +-100.00% )
               104 page-faults               #    0.209 M/sec                    ( +-  0.15% )
           590,760 cycles                    #    1.189 GHz                      ( +-  2.35% )
           395,053 stalled-cycles-frontend   #   66.87% frontend cycles idle     ( +-  3.67% )
   <not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
           398,963 instructions              #    0.68  insns per cycle
                                             #    0.99  stalled cycles per insn  ( +-  0.39% )
            70,228 branches                  #  141.341 M/sec                    ( +-  0.36% )
             3,364 branch-misses             #    4.79% of all branches          ( +-  5.45% )

       0.000957440 seconds time elapsed                                          ( +-  2.42% )

Furthermore, this saves space in instruction text:

   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
    111       0       0     111      6f lib/int_sqrt-baseline.o
     89       0       0      89      59 lib/int_sqrt.o

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Draft_of_a_Report_on_the_EDVAC

Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Gonzalez <jgonzlez@linets.cl>
Tested-by: Jonathan Gonzalez <jgonzlez@linets.cl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Francisco Franco <franciscofranco.1990@gmail.com>
block: add runtime pm helpers

Add runtime pm helper functions:

void blk_pm_runtime_init(struct request_queue *q, struct device *dev)
  - Initialization function for drivers to call.

int blk_pre_runtime_suspend(struct request_queue *q)
  - If any requests are in the queue, mark last busy and return -EBUSY.
    Otherwise set q->rpm_status to RPM_SUSPENDING and return 0.

void blk_post_runtime_suspend(struct request_queue *q, int err)
  - If the suspend succeeded then set q->rpm_status to RPM_SUSPENDED.
    Otherwise set it to RPM_ACTIVE and mark last busy.

void blk_pre_runtime_resume(struct request_queue *q)
  - Set q->rpm_status to RPM_RESUMING.

void blk_post_runtime_resume(struct request_queue *q, int err)
  - If the resume succeeded then set q->rpm_status to RPM_ACTIVE
    and call __blk_run_queue, then mark last busy and autosuspend.
    Otherwise set q->rpm_status to RPM_SUSPENDED.

The idea and API is designed by Alan Stern and described here:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-scsi&m=133727953625963&w=2

Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Francisco Franco <franciscofranco.1990@gmail.com>
block: implement runtime pm strategy

When a request is added:
    If device is suspended or is suspending and the request is not a
    PM request, resume the device.

When the last request finishes:
    Call pm_runtime_mark_last_busy().

When pick a request:
    If device is resuming/suspending, then only PM request is allowed
    to go.

The idea and API is designed by Alan Stern and described here:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-scsi&m=133727953625963&w=2

Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Francisco Franco <franciscofranco.1990@gmail.com>
PM / Runtime: Asyncronous idle|suspend devices at system resume

Use the asyncronous runtime PM API when returning the runtime
reference for the device after the system resume is completed.

By using the asyncronous runtime PM API we don't have to wait
for each an every device to become idle|suspended. Instead we
can move on and handle the next device in queue.

Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Francisco Franco <franciscofranco.1990@gmail.com>
PM / Runtime: Asyncronous idle|suspend parent devices at removal

For irq safe devices return the runtime reference for the parent
by using the asyncronous runtime PM API. Thus we don't have to
wait for it to become idle|suspended. Instead we can move on and
handle the next device in queue.

Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Francisco Franco <franciscofranco.1990@gmail.com>
PM / Runtime: Improve prepare handling at system suspend for genpd

When genpd prepares for a system suspend it will fetch a runtime
reference for the device. When returning it we now use the
asyncronous runtime PM API. Thus we don't have to wait for the
device to become idle|suspended before we move on and handle the
next device in queue.

Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Francisco Franco <franciscofranco.1990@gmail.com>
block: recursive merge requests

In a workload, thread 1 accesses a, a+2, ..., thread 2 accesses a+1, a+3,....
When the requests are flushed to queue, a and a+1 are merged to (a, a+1), a+2
and a+3 too to (a+2, a+3), but (a, a+1) and (a+2, a+3) aren't merged.

If we do recursive merge for such interleave access, some workloads throughput
get improvement. A recent worload I'm checking on is swap, below change
boostes the throughput around 5% ~ 10%.

Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Francisco Franco <franciscofranco.1990@gmail.com>
block: add a flag to identify PM request

Add a flag REQ_PM to identify the request is PM related, such requests
will not change the device request queue's runtime status. It is
intended to be used in driver's runtime PM callback, so that driver can
perform some IO to the device there with the queue's runtime status
unaffected. e.g. in SCSI disk's runtime suspend callback, the disk will
be put into stopped power state, and this require sending a command to
the device. Such command processing should not change the disk's runtime
status.

Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Francisco Franco <franciscofranco.1990@gmail.com>
CHROMIUM: tcp: Avoid merging segments on the OOO queue into a cloned SKB

TCP tries to merge socket buffers in the out-of-order queue when they
are sequential. This is generally a good thing to save memory and speed
up processing, but can lead to problems when it expands a buffer that
has previously been cloned.

We have encountered a bug with a confused/broken receive queue, that we
think might have been caused by this problem, as the smsc95xx driver
uses cloned buffers in its receive path. Thanks to edumazet for
pointing that out and suggesting this fix.

This patch makes sure that this code path only expands socket buffers
that have not been cloned and just enqueues them normally in the other
case. In upstream kernels starting with 3.5, the affected code has been
refactored into tcp_try_coalesce with commit 1402d36, which has later
been patched to fix this issue in commit 923dd34. The fix has not been
backported into the upstream 3.4 kernel.

BUG=chromium-os:35827
TEST=None

Change-Id: I2cdf09946a3cbb0cbff35b1ac09313352b8f1e94
Signed-off-by: Julius Werner <jwerner@chromium.org>
Reviewed-on: https://gerrit.chromium.org/gerrit/37666
Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Sameer Nanda <snanda@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Francisco Franco <franciscofranco.1990@gmail.com>
ipv6: introdcue __ipv6_addr_needs_scope_id and ipv6_iface_scope_id helper functions

[net-next commit b7ef213ef65256168df83ddfbb8131ed9adc10f9]

__ipv6_addr_needs_scope_id checks if an ipv6 address needs to supply
a 'sin6_scope_id != 0'. 'sin6_scope_id != 0' was enforced in case
of link-local addresses. To support interface-local multicast these
checks had to be enhanced and are now consolidated into these new helper
functions.

v2:
a) migrated to struct ipv6_addr_props

v3:
a) reverted changes for ipv6_addr_props
b) test for address type instead of comparing scope

v4:
a) unchanged

Change-Id: I1788f1f2d3a6bd2b9e6a6afe74992d6d4a1385eb
Suggested-by: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Cc: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Acked-by: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Acked-by: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
net: ipv6: Add IPv6 support to the ping socket.

[backport of net-next 6d0bfe22611602f36617bc7aa2ffa1bbb2f54c67]

This adds the ability to send ICMPv6 echo requests without a
raw socket. The equivalent ability for ICMPv4 was added in
2011.

Instead of having separate code paths for IPv4 and IPv6, make
most of the code in net/ipv4/ping.c dual-stack and only add a
few IPv6-specific bits (like the protocol definition) to a new
net/ipv6/ping.c. Hopefully this will reduce divergence and/or
duplication of bugs in the future.

Caveats:

- Setting options via ancillary data (e.g., using IPV6_PKTINFO
  to specify the outgoing interface) is not yet supported.
- There are no separate security settings for IPv4 and IPv6;
  everything is controlled by /proc/net/ipv4/ping_group_range.
- The proc interface does not yet display IPv6 ping sockets
  properly.

Tested with a patched copy of ping6 and using raw socket calls.
Compiles and works with all of CONFIG_IPV6={n,m,y}.

Change-Id: I0081b4654dd54b12c8f233e00e18943582aa2142
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Colitti <lorenzo@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[lorenzo@google.com: backported to 3.4]
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Colitti <lorenzo@google.com>
ping: always initialize ->sin6_scope_id and ->sin6_flowinfo

[net-next commit c26d6b46da3ee86fa8a864347331e5513ca84c2b]

If we don't need scope id, we should initialize it to zero.
Same for ->sin6_flowinfo.

Change-Id: I74764edf3d0567f5ae094b2e83484cdfe05f6098
Cc: Lorenzo Colitti <lorenzo@google.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Lorenzo Colitti <lorenzo@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
deadline: Allow 0ms deadline latency, increase the read speed
PM / QoS: Introduce new classes: DMA-Throughput and DVFS-Latency

1. CPU_DMA_THROUGHPUT

This might look simliar to CPU_DMA_LATENCY. However, there are H/W
blocks that creates QoS requirement based on DMA throughput, not
latency, while their (those QoS requester H/W blocks) services are
short-term bursts that cannot be effectively responsed by DVFS
mechanisms (CPUFreq and Devfreq).

In the Exynos4412 systems that are being tested, such H/W blocks include
MFC (multi-function codec)'s decoding and enconding features, TV-out
(including HDMI), and Cameras. When the display is operated at 60Hz,
each chunk of task should be done within 16ms and the workload on DMA is
not well spread and fluctuates between frames; some frame requires more
and some do not and within a frame, the workload also fluctuates
heavily and the tasks within a frame are usually not parallelized; they
are processed through specific H/W blocks, not CPU cores. They often
have PPMU capabilities; however, they need to be polled very frequently
in order to let DVFS mechanisms react properly. (less than 5ms).

For such specific tasks, allowing them to request QoS requirements seems
adequete because DVFS mechanisms (as long as the polling rate is 5ms or
longer) cannot follow up with them. Besides, the device drivers know
when to request and cancel QoS exactly.

2. DVFS_LATENCY

Both CPUFreq and Devfreq have response latency to a sudden workload
increase. With near-100% (e.g., 95%) up-threshold, the average response
latency is approximately 1.5 x polling-rate.

A specific polling rate (e.g., 100ms) may generally fit for its system;
however, there could be exceptions for that. For example,
- When a user input suddenly starts: typing, clicking, moving cursors, and
  such, the user might need the full performance immediately. However,
  we do not know whether the full performance is actually needed or not
  until we calculate the utilization; thus, we need to calculate it
  faster with user inputs or any similar events. Specifying QoS on CPU
  processing power or Memory bandwidth at every user input is an
  overkill because there are many cases where such speed-up isn't
  necessary.
- When a device driver needs a faster performance response from DVFS
  mechanism. This could be addressed by simply putting QoS requests.
  However, such QoS requests may keep the system running fast
  unnecessary in some cases, especially if a) the device's resource
  usage bursts with some duration (e.g., 100ms-long bursts) and
  b) the driver doesn't know when such burst come. MMC/WiFi often had
  such behaviors although there are possibilities that part (b) might
  be addressed with further efforts.

The cases shown above can be tackled with putting QoS requests on the
response time or latency of DVFS mechanism, which is directly related to
its polling interval (if the DVFS mechanism is polling based).

Signed-off-by: MyungJoo Ham <myungjoo.ham@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>

--
Changes from RFC(v1)
- Added omitted part (registering new classes)
Add Hyper Governor - Thanks Dorimanx Team

Conflicts:
	arch/arm/configs/mako_ak_defconfig
	drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig
sched: Set MC (multi-core) sched domain's busy_factor attribute to 1

busy_factor attribute of a scheduler domain causes busy CPUs (CPUs
that are not idle) to load balance less frequently in that domain,
which could impact performance by increasing scheduling latency for
tasks.

As an example, consider MC scheduler domain's attribute values of
max_interval = 4ms and busy_factor = 64. Further consider
max_load_balance_interval = 100 (HZ/10). In this case, a non-idle CPU
could put off load balance check in MC domain by 100ms. This
effectively means that a CPU running a single task in its queue could
fail to notice increased load on another CPU (that is in same MC
domain) for upto 100ms, before picking up load from the overloaded
CPU. Needless to say, this leads to increased scheduling latency for
tasks, affecting performance adversely.

By setting MC domain's busy_factor value to 1, we limit maximum
interval that busy CPU can put off load balance checks to 4ms
(effectively 10ms, given HZ value of 100).

Change-Id: Id45869d06f5556ea8eec602b65c2ffd2143fe060
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Francisco Franco <franciscofranco.1990@gmail.com>
cpufreq_hyper: Make Hyper compatible with Trickster - Now you can change a lot of Values from App

Conflicts:
	drivers/cpufreq/Makefile
	include/linux/cpufreq.h
Kernel Version: AK.136.JS