Add time getters to the process interface for requesting the elapsed
wall time, user time, and system time since a process started.

For walltime, we currently use TimeValue's interface and a global
initializer to compute a close approximation of total process runtime.

For user time, this adds support for an somewhat more precise timing
mechanism -- clock_gettime with the CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID clock
selected.

For system time, we have to do a full getrusage call to extract the
system time from the OS. This is expensive but unavoidable.

In passing, clean up the implementation of the old APIs and fix some
latent bugs in the Windows code. This might have manifested on Windows
ARM systems or other systems with strange 64-bit integer behavior.

The old API for this both user time and system time simultaneously from
a single getrusage call. While this results in fewer system calls, it
also results in a lower precision user time and if only user time is
desired, it introduces a higher overhead. It may be worthwhile to switch
some of the pass timers to not track system time and directly track user
and wall time. The old API also tracked walltime in a confusing way --
it just set it to the current walltime rather than providing any measure
of wall time since the process started the way buth user and system time
are tracked. The new API is more consistent here.

The plan is to eventually implement these methods for a *child* process
by using the wait3(2) system call to populate an rusage struct
representing the whole subprocess execution. That way, after waiting on
a child process its stats will become accurate and cheap to query.
Read bytes from zero-filled sections correctly
instead of failing to read.

<rdar://problem/12958589>