Add some general mathematics constants / functions.
Add some non-trivial random number generation functions
Add some lapack function declarations.

We've just made a C/C++ header file declaring how to call into the subset of
lapack's Fortran functions that we will use to implement a Matrix library
in the following commits.

Linker dependencies: lapack (and implicitly some version of blas).
Add a stupid std::vector-like class
Add Matrix class
Added a TODO file with project ideas for Haltair
Fix some trailing whitespace