ceph: update support for PGID64, PGPOOL3, OSDENC protocol features

Support (and require) the PGID64, PGPOOL3, and OSDENC protocol features.
These have been present in ceph.git since v0.42, Feb 2012.  Require these
features to simplify support; nobody is running older userspace.

Note that the new request and reply encoding is still not in place, so the new
code is not yet functional.

Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@inktank.com>
libceph: calculate placement based on the internal data types

Instead of using the old ceph_object_layout struct, update our internal
ceph_calc_object_layout method to use the ceph_pg type.  This allows us to
pass the full 32-bit precision of the pgid.seed to the callers.  It also
allows some callers to avoid reaching into the request structures for the
struct ceph_object_layout fields.

Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@inktank.com>
libceph: update osd request/reply encoding

Use the new version of the encoding for osd requests and replies.  In the
process, update the way we are tracking request ops and reply lengths and
results in the struct ceph_osd_request.  Update the rbd and fs/ceph users
appropriately.

The main changes are:
 - we keep pointers into the request memory for fields we need to update
   each time the request is sent out over the wire
 - we keep information about the result in an array in the request struct
   where the users can easily get at it.

Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@inktank.com>