Refactored database exceptions wrapping.

Squashed commit of the following:

commit 2181d833ed1a2e422494738dcef311164c4e097e
Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org>
Date:   Wed Feb 27 14:28:39 2013 +0100

    Fixed #15901 -- Wrapped all PEP-249 exceptions.

commit 5476a5d93c19aa2f928c497d39ce6e33f52694e2
Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org>
Date:   Tue Feb 26 17:26:52 2013 +0100

    Added PEP 3134 exception chaining.

    Thanks Jacob Kaplan-Moss for the suggestion.

commit 9365fad0a650328002fb424457d675a273c95802
Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org>
Date:   Tue Feb 26 17:13:49 2013 +0100

    Improved API for wrapping database errors.

    Thanks Alex Gaynor for the proposal.

commit 1b463b765f2826f73a8d9266795cd5da4f8d5e9e
Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org>
Date:   Tue Feb 26 15:00:39 2013 +0100

    Removed redundant exception wrapping.

    This is now taken care of by the cursor wrapper.

commit 524bc7345a724bf526bdd2dd1bcf5ede67d6bb5c
Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org>
Date:   Tue Feb 26 14:55:10 2013 +0100

    Wrapped database exceptions in the base backend.

    This covers the most common PEP-249 APIs:
    - Connection APIs: close(), commit(), rollback(), cursor()
    - Cursor APIs: callproc(), close(), execute(), executemany(),
      fetchone(), fetchmany(), fetchall(), nextset().

    Fixed #19920.

commit a66746bb5f0839f35543222787fce3b6a0d0a3ea
Author: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org>
Date:   Tue Feb 26 14:53:34 2013 +0100

    Added a wrap_database_exception context manager and decorator.

    It re-throws backend-specific exceptions using Django's common wrappers.