nit: can you cache `elements[i]` in a local var ? like `element` ?

or better: this looks like a good place to use `elements.filter`:

```javascript
function transteElements(elements) {
  var unTranslatedElements = elements.filter(function(element) {
    return !translateElement(element);
  });

  return unTranslatedElements;
}
```
(untested)
(I kept a var to make it more readable)
(if `translateElement` were returning "true" when it failed like you originally did, it would have been a oneliner, too bad ;) )