[TASK] ext:install Break possible redirect loop

The install tool initiates redirects if configuration values were
changed. This is especially done within the "silent upgrade" class.
If something goes wrong there, the system may end up in a redirect
loop and does not show useful debug information.

The patch introduces a simple redirect loop detection and breaks
after ten redirects. This should be enough for the "silent upgrade"
and should be lower than the usual browser based loop detection.

Change-Id: I31164595dc1ada17012525268b57c03499dd2ddf
Resolves: #52414
Related: #52338
Relases: 6.2
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/24191
Reviewed-by: Anja Leichsenring
Tested-by: Anja Leichsenring
Reviewed-by: Christian Kuhn
Tested-by: Christian Kuhn