[DependencyInjection] added a way to automatically update scoped services

A service can now be marked as synchronized; when set, all method calls
involving this service will be called each time this service is set.
When in a scope, methods are also called to restore the previous version of the
service.
Touching up README.md
More cleanup of README.md
Fixing bug in .travis.yml
Added '@@' escaping strategy for YamlFileLoader and YamlDumper

Added the possibility to to use '@@' as an escaping strategy for
parameters that should be treated as strings but start with '@'
(i.e. safe mailer passwords).
Merge branch '2.1' into 2.2

* 2.1:
  #7106 - fix for ZTS builds
  Added '@@' escaping strategy for YamlFileLoader and YamlDumper
  [Yaml] fixed bugs with folded scalar parsing
  [Form] made DefaultCsrfProvider using session_status() when available
  Added unit tests to Dumper
  Update .travis.yml (closes #7355)
  [HttpFoudantion] fixed Request::getPreferredLanguage()
  Revert "merged branch jfsimon/issue-6928 (PR #7378)"
  Routing issue with installation in a sub-directory ref: https://github.com/symfony/symfony/issues/7129

Conflicts:
	.travis.yml
	src/Symfony/Bundle/FrameworkBundle/Routing/Router.php
	src/Symfony/Component/Routing/RouteCollection.php
Merge branch '2.2'

* 2.2:
  #7106 - fix for ZTS builds
  Added '@@' escaping strategy for YamlFileLoader and YamlDumper
  [Yaml] fixed bugs with folded scalar parsing
  [Form] made DefaultCsrfProvider using session_status() when available
  Added unit tests to Dumper
  Update .travis.yml (closes #7355)
  [HttpFoudantion] fixed Request::getPreferredLanguage()
  Revert "merged branch jfsimon/issue-6928 (PR #7378)"
  Routing issue with installation in a sub-directory ref: https://github.com/symfony/symfony/issues/7129
[DependencyInjection] fixed PHP notice when the scope is not defined
[DependencyInjection] fixed management of scoped services with an invalid behavior set to null

The optimization for references has been removed as it does not take
scopes into account.
merged branch fabpot/contagious-services (PR #7007)

This PR was merged into the master branch.

Discussion
----------

[2.3] [WIP] Synchronized services...

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Bug fix?      | no
| New feature?  | no
| BC breaks?    | no
| Deprecations? | no
| Tests pass?   | yes
| Fixed tickets | #5300, #6756
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | symfony/symfony-docs#2343

Todo:

 - [x] update documentation
 - [x] find a better name than contagious (synchronized)?

refs #6932, refs #5012

This PR is a proof of concept that tries to find a solution for some problems we have with scopes and services depending on scoped services (mostly the request service in Symfony).

Basically, whenever you want to inject the Request into a service, you have two possibilities:

 * put your own service into the request scope (a new service will be created whenever a sub-request is run, and the service is not available outside the request scope);

 * set the request service reference as non-strict (your service is always available but the request you have depends on when the service is created the first time).

This PR addresses this issue by allowing to use the second option but you service still always has the right Request service (see below for a longer explanation on how it works).

There is another issue that this PR fixes: edge cases and weird behaviors. There are several bug reports about some weird behaviors, and most of the time, this is related to the sub-requests. That's because the Request is injected into several Symfony objects without being updated correctly when leaving the request scope. Let me explain that: when a listener for instance needs the Request object, it can listen to the `kernel.request` event and store the request somewhere. So, whenever you enter a sub-request, the listener will get the new one. But when the sub-request ends, the listener has no way to know that it needs to reset the request to the master one. In practice, that's not really an issue, but let me show you an example of this issue in practice:

 * You have a controller that is called with the English locale;
 * The controller (probably via a template) renders a sub-request that uses the French locale;
 *  After the rendering, and from the controller, you try to generate a URL. Which locale the router will use? Yes, the French locale, which is wrong.

To fix these issues, this PR introduces a new notion in the DIC: synchronized services. When a service is marked as synchronized, all method calls involving this service will be called each time this service is set. When in a scope, methods are also called to restore the previous version of the service when the scope leaves.

If you have a look at the router or the locale listener, you will see that there is now a `setRequest` method that will called whenever the request service changes (because the `Container::set()` method is called or because the service is changed by a scope change).

Commits
-------

17269e1 [DependencyInjection] fixed management of scoped services with an invalid behavior set to null
bb83b3e [HttpKernel] added a safeguard for when a fragment is rendered outside the context of a master request
5d7b835 [FrameworkBundle] added some functional tests
ff9d688 fixed Request management for FragmentHandler
1b98ad3 fixed Request management for LocaleListener
a7b2b7e fixed Request management for RequestListener
0892135 [HttpKernel] ensured that the Request is null when outside of the Request scope
2ffcfb9 [FrameworkBundle] made the Request service synchronized
ec1e7ca [DependencyInjection] added a way to automatically update scoped services
Merge remote-tracking branch 'symfony/master' into develop

Conflicts:
	Tests/Fixtures/containers/container8.php
	src/main/php/ehough/iconic/dumper/YamlDumper.php
	src/main/php/ehough/iconic/loader/YamlFileLoader.php
	src/test/php/Loader/YamlFileLoaderTest.php
Merge remote-tracking branch 'symfony/master' into develop

Conflicts:
	Tests/Fixtures/containers/container9.php
	src/main/php/ehough/iconic/Container.php
	src/main/php/ehough/iconic/ContainerBuilder.php
	src/main/php/ehough/iconic/compiler/CheckReferenceValidityPass.php
	src/main/php/ehough/iconic/compiler/ResolveInvalidReferencesPass.php
	src/main/php/ehough/iconic/dumper/XmlDumper.php
	src/test/php/ContainerBuilderTest.php
	src/test/php/ContainerTest.php
	src/test/php/Fixtures/graphviz/services9.dot
Cleaning up leftover namespace and use declarations
Adding throwback.php
Fixing tests for PHP 5.2
Fixing tests for ContainerBuilder in PHP 5.2
Fixing tests for PHP 5.2
Replacing __DIR__ with dirname(__FILE__)
More fixes for PHP 5.2
PHP 5.2 doesn't support previous exceptions