Async 'stop' command

Don't wait for the search to finish after a 'stop'
command, but keep processing the GUI input if any.

Also explicitly wake up the main thread (that could be
sleeping) after a 'stop' or 'quit' command and do not
rely on wait_for_search_finished() doing it for us.

This patch cleans up the code and functions's definitions,
but it is risky and needs a good test under different
conditions to be sure it does not introduces hungs up.

No functional change.
Clarify SAN disambiguation in case of a pinned piece

In SAN notation when two pieces of the same type can
move to a given destination square, a disambiguation
additional info (like starting file) shall be added
to the SAN move.

If one of the two pieces is pinned, the corresponding
move _could_ be illegal and in this case disambiguation
is not needed. But to be pinned alone it is not enough
to deduce that the move is illegal, for instance in this
position:

R3rk2/2r6/8/8/8/8/8/K7 b - - 0 1

The move Rc8 is ambiguous although the rook in e8 is pinned
and the correct SAN notation should be Rcc8.

No functional change.
Simplify a condition in search()

And rearrange best value update in case of SpNode.

No functional change.
Simplify and rename wait_for_stop_or_ponderhit()

Setting stopOnPonderhit is now done by the caller.

No functional change.
Small change to "ponderhit" handling

Reset Limits.ponder only if search continue, but if
we are going to stop the search there is no need
(and is also confusing) to clear the 'ponder' flag.

This mimics the behaviour upon rceiving 'stop' when
pondering.

No functional change.
Unify 'ponderhit' handling

Finally we can now merge the 'ponderhit' case with
'stop' and 'quit'.

The patches have been done step by step to help debugging
becuase this is really tricky code.

No functional change.
Rename wake_up() to notify_one()

To align to C++ std::thread conventions.

No functional change.
Retire Threads wake_up() and sleep()

These functions are used in just one place.
And generalize wait_for_stop()

No functional change.
Retire obsolete race hack

This hack was introduced in d282cf6964d493
to workaround a race with start_searching(),
but these days is no more needed.

No functional change.
Retire set_timer()

Also assure in Thread::timer_loop() that when
timer interval is 0 (timer is disabled) we
never call check_time()

No functional change.
Re-add the hack

This reverts commit 869c9244101

I misunderstood here. Actually it can happen that
thread is created but still not entered idle_loop
and at the same time start_searching() is called.

Becuase 'do_sleep' is set start_searching() will
set it to false and start the search, but when,
at last, the thread enters idle_loop(), resets
the flag and goes to sleep: not what we want.

Revert the hack waiting for a better solution
in the next patches.

No functional change.
Don't use do_sleep flag

Rename it is_finished and use it only in main
thread to signal search is finished. This allows
us to simplify the complex SMP logic.

Ultra tricky patch: deep test is required under
wide conditions like pondering on and option
"Use Sleeping Threads" set to false.

No functional change.
Polymorphic Thread hierarchy

Subclass MainThread and TimerThread and declare
idle_loop() virtual. This allow us to cleanly
remove a good bunch of hacks, relying on C++
polymorphism to do the job.

No functional change.
Fix a bug in timer loop

Silly logic bug introduced in dda7de17e74d7e8

Timer thread, when msec = 0, instead of going
to sleep, calls check_time() in an endless loop.

Spotted and reported by snino64 due to abnormally
high CPU usage.

No functional change.
Remove Threat Extension

Great code simplification: - instead do not futility
prune threat refutations. allows_move() is therefore removed.

4000 games at 50,000 nodes/move:
1085-989-1926 [51.2%] LOS=98.3%

4000 games in 10"+0.1"
756-751-2493 [50.1%] LOS=55.1%

EDIT: I have retested the patch of Lucas in a slightly different form
(without pruning in PvNode) and test mre or less confirms that
60 lines of code are totally unuseful:

After 6195 games at 15"+0.05"
1333 - 1325 - 3537 ELO 0

bench 5140990