clarify singular and plural routes

Found the wording on line 158 somewhat confusing. Added short example to clarify.
Update guides/source/active_record_querying.md

Fix missing `ORDER BY id ASC` for Client.first(2);
Uppercase the little y in the SQL equivalent of the Client.last(2).
Fix bug in code example from layouts and rendering guide

The code in 2.3.2 assumed that render has an alert option like
redirect_to to create a flash alert message, but it doesn't.
Corrected link anchor and added colons for continuity
improve grammar describing ActionDispatch::Cookies::CookieJar#delete
improve grammar describing ActionDispatch::Cookies::CookieJar#delete
Update the "upgrading" guide for people coming from 3.0 and 3.1. The latest versions for 3.1 and 3.2 are now 3.2.12 and 3.1.11 respectively.
Typo fix.
Removed template_root as a configuration option

Removed template root from actionmailer configuration options as it seems to have been pulled out completely in favor of explicit definition via template_path / template_name.
Link is not relevant anymore

Cannot find the screencast on the internet, guess it was removed
Added documentation for beginning_of_minute and end_of_minute to Active Support Core Extensions guide
Wrap `around_action` word with <code> tag
Update guide doc to use migration shortcuts
BELONGS TO ASSOCIATION | Typo fix
Typo fix
Revert "Use sass compressor as the default CSS compressor"

This reverts commit 3eef1c7c5d0c4538efb9e061b6fe68011f0352b1.
The css compressor should be set in sass-rails plugin. Check
https://github.com/rails/sass-rails/commit/339529f9f6433047df6358c0439e6641cb74f045
for the fix.
Preparing for 4.0.0.beta1 release
Do not use --local option when installing the gems
Do not override attributes on `dup` by default scopes
Merge pull request #9197 from yaotti/fix/overriden-attr-on-dup

Fix: Overriding attributes on `dup` by default scopes