Add rake test description

No behavior change
Simplify code in AS json encoder
Changed update_record to use prepared statements.
clarify singular and plural routes

Found the wording on line 158 somewhat confusing. Added short example to clarify.
Update guides/source/active_record_querying.md

Fix missing `ORDER BY id ASC` for Client.first(2);
Uppercase the little y in the SQL equivalent of the Client.last(2).
Fix bug in code example from layouts and rendering guide

The code in 2.3.2 assumed that render has an alert option like
redirect_to to create a flash alert message, but it doesn't.
Corrected link anchor and added colons for continuity
improve grammar describing ActionDispatch::Cookies::CookieJar#delete
Fix time_zone_options_for_select to not mutate TimeZones array

Previous implementation of time_zone_options_for_select did not dup the
ActiveSupport::TimeZone.all array.  When :priority_zones were provided
the method would reject! the zones from the memoized TimeZones array
thus affecting future requests to the server.  Essentially whatever
zones were specified as :priority_zones would show up for the first
request but then disappear from the time zone options on future
requests.
improve grammar describing ActionDispatch::Cookies::CookieJar#delete
Merge pull request #9330 from bdmac/time_zone_select_dup

Fix time_zone_options_for_select to not mutate TimeZones array
descriptive error message when AR adapter was not found. Closes #7313.
Merge pull request #8060 from senny/7313_descriptive_error_message_for_missing_adapter

descriptive error message when AR adapter was not found. Closes #7313
Update the "upgrading" guide for people coming from 3.0 and 3.1. The latest versions for 3.1 and 3.2 are now 3.2.12 and 3.1.11 respectively.
Whitespace :heart: and hash syntax change
Remove XML Parser from ActionDispatch

If you want an ability to parse XML parameters, please install
`actionpack-xml_parser` gem.
Merge pull request #9328 from sikachu/ps-remove-xml-parser

Remove XML Parser from ActionDispatch
standardize database_configuration to a hash

make connection_url_to_hash a class method

This als prevents loading database.yml if it doesn't exist
but DATABASE_URL does
test DATABASE_URL without database.yml around
run the load_structure test in the test environment