Fix inaccurate description of tablespace.

Currently we don't need to update the pg_tablespace catalog
after redefining the symbolic links to the tablespaces
because pg_tablespace.spclocation column was removed in
PostgreSQL 9.2.

Back patch to 9.2 where pg_tablespace.spclocation was removed.

Ian Barwick, with minor change by me.
Fix regexp_matches() handling of zero-length matches.

We'd find the same match twice if it was of zero length and not immediately
adjacent to the previous match.  replace_text_regexp() got similar cases
right, so adjust this search logic to match that.  Note that even though
the regexp_split_to_xxx() functions share this code, they did not display
equivalent misbehavior, because the second match would be considered
degenerate and ignored.

Jeevan Chalke, with some cosmetic changes by me.
Fix mis-indented lines

Per Coverity
Add locking around SSL_context usage in libpq

I've been working with Nick Phillips on an issue he ran into when
trying to use threads with SSL client certificates.  As it turns out,
the call in initialize_SSL() to SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file()
will modify our SSL_context without any protection from other threads
also calling that function or being at some other point and trying to
read from SSL_context.

To protect against this, I've written up the attached (based on an
initial patch from Nick and much subsequent discussion) which puts
locks around SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file() and all of the other
users of SSL_context which weren't already protected.

Nick Phillips, much reworked by Stephen Frost

Back-patch to 9.0 where we started loading the cert directly instead of
using a callback.
Improve handling of pthread_mutex_lock error case

We should really be reporting a useful error along with returning
a valid return code if pthread_mutex_lock() throws an error for
some reason.  Add that and back-patch to 9.0 as the prior patch.

Pointed out by Alvaro Herrera
Fix crash in error report of invalid tuple lock

My tweak of these error messages in commit c359a1b082 contained the
thinko that a query would always have rowMarks set for a query
containing a locking clause.  Not so: when declaring a cursor, for
instance, rowMarks isn't set at the point we're checking, so we'd be
dereferencing a NULL pointer.

The fix is to pass the lock strength to the function raising the error,
instead of trying to reverse-engineer it.  The result not only is more
robust, but it also seems cleaner overall.

Per report from Robert Haas.
Fix old visibility bug in HeapTupleSatisfiesDirty

If a tuple is locked but not updated by a concurrent transaction,
HeapTupleSatisfiesDirty would return that transaction's Xid in xmax,
causing callers to wait on it, when it is not necessary (in fact, if the
other transaction had used a multixact instead of a plain Xid to mark
the tuple, HeapTupleSatisfiesDirty would have behave differently and
*not* returned the Xmax).

This bug was introduced in commit 3f7fbf85dc5b42, dated December 1998,
so it's almost 15 years old now.  However, it's hard to see this
misbehave, because before we had NOWAIT the only consequence of this is
that transactions would wait for slightly more time than necessary; so
it's not surprising that this hasn't been reported yet.

Craig Ringer and Andres Freund
Make sure float4in/float8in accept all standard spellings of "infinity".

The C99 and POSIX standards require strtod() to accept all these spellings
(case-insensitively): "inf", "+inf", "-inf", "infinity", "+infinity",
"-infinity".  However, pre-C99 systems might accept only some or none of
these, and apparently Windows still doesn't accept "inf".  To avoid
surprising cross-platform behavioral differences, manually check for each
of these spellings if strtod() fails.  We were previously handling just
"infinity" and "-infinity" that way, but since C99 is most of the world
now, it seems likely that applications are expecting all these spellings
to work.

Per bug #8355 from Basil Peace.  It turns out this fix won't actually
resolve his problem, because Python isn't being this careful; but that
doesn't mean we shouldn't be.
Message style improvements
Message punctuation and pluralization fixes
Document how auto_explain.log_timing can be changed.
Docs:  Document to_*() Julian values are integers
Backpatch to 9.3.
Per request from Marc Dahn
docs:  mention Julian is midnight _UTC_
(Yes, there was no UTC back then, but we compute it that way.)
Backpatch to 9.3.
PL/Python: Adjust the regression tests for Python 3.3

Similar to 2cfb1c6f77734db81b6e74bcae630f93b94f69be, the order in which
dictionary elements are printed is not reliable.  This reappeared in the
tests of the string representation of result objects.  Reduce the test
case to one result set column so that there is no question of order.
9.3 release notes:  move foreign table item

Move item about foreign data wrappers supporting inserts/updates/deletes
to object manipulation.

Backpatch to 9.3.

From Etsuro Fujita
Emit a log message if output is about to be redirected away from stderr.

We've seen multiple cases of people looking at the postmaster's original
stderr output to try to diagnose problems, not realizing/remembering that
their logging configuration is set up to send log messages somewhere else.
This seems particularly likely to happen in prepackaged distributions,
since many packagers patch the code to change the factory-standard logging
configuration to something more in line with their platform conventions.

In hopes of reducing confusion, emit a LOG message about this at the point
in startup where we are about to switch log output away from the original
stderr, providing a pointer to where to look instead.  This message will
appear as the last thing in the original stderr output.  (We might later
also try to emit such link messages when logging parameters are changed
on-the-fly; but that case seems to be both noticeably harder to do nicely,
and much less frequently a problem in practice.)

Per discussion, back-patch to 9.3 but not further.
Remove Assert that matview is not in system schema from REFRESH.

We don't want to prevent an extension which creates a matview from
being installed in pg_catalog.

Issue was raised by Hitoshi Harada.
Backpatched to 9.3.
Remove ph_may_need from PlaceHolderInfo, with attendant simplifications.

The planner logic that attempted to make a preliminary estimate of the
ph_needed levels for PlaceHolderVars seems to be completely broken by
lateral references.  Fortunately, the potential join order optimization
that this code supported seems to be of relatively little value in
practice; so let's just get rid of it rather than trying to fix it.

Getting rid of this allows fairly substantial simplifications in
placeholder.c, too, so planning in such cases should be a bit faster.

Issue noted while pursuing bugs reported by Jeremy Evans and Antonin
Houska, though this doesn't in itself fix either of their reported cases.
What this does do is prevent an Assert crash in the kind of query
illustrated by the added regression test.  (I'm not sure that the plan for
that query is stable enough across platforms to be usable as a regression
test output ... but we'll soon find out from the buildfarm.)

Back-patch to 9.3.  The problem case can't arise without LATERAL, so
no need to touch older branches.
Improve error message when view is not updatable

Avoid using the term "updatable" in confusing ways.  Suggest a trigger
first, before a rule.
Treat timeline IDs as unsigned in replication parser

Timeline IDs are unsigned ints everywhere, except the replication parser
treated them as signed ints.