chore($parse): convert parser() and lex() to prototype-based code

This reduces memory consumption of parsed angular expressions and
speeds up parsing.

This JSPerf case demonstrates the performance boost:
http://jsperf.com/closure-vs-prototype-ngparser

Chrome: 1.5–2x boost
FF: slightly slower (I would love to know why)
IE: 4x boost

To be clear, this doesn't have any impact on runtime performance
of expressions as demostrated in this JSPerf:
http://jsperf.com/angular-parser-changes

Closes #3681
feat($location): add support for state and title in pushState

Adds $location pushState & replaceState methods acting as proxies to history
pushState & replaceState methods. This allows using pushState to change state
and title as well as URL. Note that these methods are not compatible with
browsers not supporting the HTML5 History API, namely IE<10.