Add cpplint.py

We'll tweak this to match the libphenom styling; this is the unmodified
version.
Modify cpplint to more closely approximate libphenom style

Tidy up some lint issues that it found and make lint issues that it
discovers be classed as broken build issues.  This will allow us to
proceed with pretty strict rules, and will help avoid making a bunch
of seemingly pedantic comments on incoming pull requests.

Pipe this into `arc lint` too, for folks running arcanist (you get nicer
context displays with arc lint).