(PUP-609) (#22744) Filter virtual resources in the static compiler

Previously (on Lost), the static compiler was directly creating and
invoking the regular compiler and then modifying the file resources to
get the desired behavior. Because the static compiler was directly
invoking the regular compiler, it was not invoking all the methods that
would normally get called when the regular compiler was called by the
indirector.

This commit resolves this problem by making the static compiler inherit
from the regular compiler instead of delegating to the compiler. If
there are future changes to how the indirector invokes termini, the
static compiler will still be able to generate catalogs in the same
manner as the regular compiler.

Original patch by Chris Spence <chris.spence@puppetlabs.com>

This supersedes GH-1962.