CLDR date (Globalize 1.0.0-pre)

This PR has been initiated, motivated, and (therefore) fixes (or, at least, it's the beginning of the fix for) issue #128.

## Goal:
 - Provide a set of tools that leverage the official CLDR JSON data;
 - Allow users to load as much or as little data as they need;
 - Avoid duplicating data if using multiple i18n libraries that leverage CLDR;
 - Run in browsers and node.js;

## Differences:

**CLDR vs. .NET**

LDML (the markup language used by CLDR) defines locale in a more flexible way than current cultures, where one is able to define a custom tuple of (language, region, script, calendar, colletion, ...) in a more realistic way. Cultures has this definitions kinda fuzzy (inherited from the standards it had initially chosen to follow - .NET).

http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Locale

**Date Format**

Date format pattern are not fully equivalent. http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-dates.html#Date_Field_Symbol_Table

## Progress:

**Load locale data**
 - [x] Globalize.load( locale );

**Set a default locale**
 - [x] Globalize.locale( locale );

**Format**

Date (there were no tests for date format. Unit tests have been added)
 - [x] Era `G`
 - [x] Year `y`
 - [x] Year `Y`
 - (skip) Year `u`
 - (skip) Year `U`
 - [x] Quarter `Q`
 - [x] Quarter `q`
 - [x] Month `M`
 - [x] Month `L`
 - [x] Week `w`
 - [x] Week `W`
 - [x] Day `d`
 - [x] Day `D`
 - [x] Day `F`
 - (skip) Day `g+`
 - [x] Week day `e`
 - [x] Week day `c`
 - [x] Week day `E`
 - [x] Period (AM or PM) `a`
 - [x] Hour `h`
 - [x] Hour `H`
 - [x] Hour `K`
 - [x] Hour `k`
 - [x] Hour `j`
 - [x] Minute `m`
 - [x] Second `s`
 - [x] Second `S`
 - [x] Second `A`
 - (defer #196) Zone `z`
 - (defer #196)  Zone `Z`
 - (defer #196)  Zone `O`
 - (defer #196)  Zone `v`
 - (defer #196)  Zone `V`
 - (defer #196)  Zone `X`
 - (defer #196)  Zone `x`

**Parse**

Date
 - [x] Era `G`
 - [x] Year `y`
 - [x] Year `Y` (validate input only)
 - (ignore) Year `u`
 - (ignore) Year `U`
 - [x] Quarter `Q` (validate input only)
 - [x] Quarter `q` (validate input only)
 - [x] Month `M`
 - [x] Month `L`
 - [x] Week `w`
 - [x] Week `W`
 - [x] Day `d`
 - [x] Day `D`
 - [x] Day `F`
 - (skip) Day `g+`
 - [x] Week day `e` (validate input only)
 - [x] Week day `c` (validate input only)
 - [x] Week day `E` (validate input only)
 - [x] Period (AM or PM) `a`
 - [x] Hour `h`
 - [x] Hour `H`
 - [x] Hour `K`
 - [x] Hour `k`
 - [x] Hour `j`
 - [x] Minute `m`
 - [x] Second `s`
 - [x] Second `S`
 - [x] Second `A`
 - (defer #196) Zone `z`
 - (defer #196) Zone `Z`
 - (defer #196) Zone `O`
 - (defer #196) Zone `v`
 - (defer #196) Zone `V`
 - (defer #196) Zone `X`
 - (defer #196) Zone `x`

**Functional tests**
Dates
 - [x] #189

**Documentation**
 - [x] Update README;