Fix refdb iteration early termination bug

There was a problem found in the Rugged test suite where the
refdb_fs_backend__next function could exit too early in some
very specific hashing patterns for packed refs.  This ports
the Rugged test to libgit2 and then fixes the bug.
Merge pull request #1575 from arrbee/ref-iterator-early-exit

Fix refdb iteration early termination bug