Make introducer.furl unguessable. Closes #1802.

Previously, Introducers always used a swissnum of "introducer", so
anyone who could learn the (public) tubid of the introducer would be
able to connect to and use it. This changes new Introducers to use the
same randomly-generated swissnum as clients and storage servers do, so
that you absolutely must learn the introducer.furl from someone who
knows it already before you can connect.

This change also moves the location of the file that stores
introducer.furl from BASEDIR/introducer.furl to
BASEDIR/private/introducer.furl, since that's where we keep the private
things. The first time an introducer is started with the new code, it
will move any existing BASEDIR/introducer.furl into the new place.

Note that this will not change the FURL of existing introducers: it will
only affect newly created ones. When you change an introducer's FURL,
you must also update all of the nodes (clients and storage servers)
which connect to it, so upgrading it to an unguessable one isn't
something we should do automatically.
client.py: throw error when reserved_space= is unparseable. Closes #1812.

This should now fail quickly (during "tahoe start"). Previously this
would silently treat an unparseable size as "0", and the only way to
discover that it had had a problem would be to look at the foolscap log,
or examine the storage-service web page for the unexpected "Reserved
Size" number.