Add caches for method and impl metadata

The lookups for these items in external crates currently cause repeated
decoding of the EBML metadata, which is pretty slow. Adding caches to
avoid the repeated decoding reduces the time required for the type
checking of librustc by about 25%.
auto merge of #7144 : dotdash/rust/caches, r=graydon

The lookups for these items in external crates currently cause repeated
decoding of the EBML metadata, which is pretty slow. Adding caches to
avoid the repeated decoding reduces the time required for the type
checking of librustc by about 25%.