Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into df_ordinality
Move more bgworker code to bgworker.c; also, some renaming.

Per discussion on pgsql-hackers.

Michael Paquier, slightly modified by me.  Original suggestion
from Amit Kapila.
release notes: Update to 9.3 git current

Backpatch to 9.3, of course.
release notes: update 9.3 major feature list

Backpatch to 9.3.
Fix planner problems with LATERAL references in PlaceHolderVars.

The planner largely failed to consider the possibility that a
PlaceHolderVar's expression might contain a lateral reference to a Var
coming from somewhere outside the PHV's syntactic scope.  We had a previous
report of a problem in this area, which I tried to fix in a quick-hack way
in commit 4da6439bd8553059766011e2a42c6e39df08717f, but Antonin Houska
pointed out that there were still some problems, and investigation turned
up other issues.  This patch largely reverts that commit in favor of a more
thoroughly thought-through solution.  The new theory is that a PHV's
ph_eval_at level cannot be higher than its original syntactic level.  If it
contains lateral references, those don't change the ph_eval_at level, but
rather they create a lateral-reference requirement for the ph_eval_at join
relation.  The code in joinpath.c needs to handle that.

Another issue is that createplan.c wasn't handling nested PlaceHolderVars
properly.

In passing, push knowledge of lateral-reference checks for join clauses
into join_clause_is_movable_to.  This is mainly so that FDWs don't need
to deal with it.

This patch doesn't fix the original join-qual-placement problem reported by
Jeremy Evans (and indeed, one of the new regression test cases shows the
wrong answer because of that).  But the PlaceHolderVar problems need to be
fixed before that issue can be addressed, so committing this separately
seems reasonable.
Fix thinko in comment.
libpq: Report strerror on pthread_mutex_lock() failure
Remove relcache entry invalidation in REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW.

This was added as part of the attempt to support unlogged matviews
along with a populated status.  It got missed when unlogged
support was removed pre-commit.

Noticed by Noah Misch.  Back-patched to 9.3 branch.
Translation updates
release notes: remove username from 9.3 major item

Etsuro Fujita
Fix pg_upgrade failure from servers older than 9.3

When upgrading from servers of versions 9.2 and older, and MultiXactIds
have been used in the old server beyond the first page (that is, 2048
multis or more in the default 8kB-page build), pg_upgrade would set the
next multixact offset to use beyond what has been allocated in the new
cluster.  This would cause a failure the first time the new cluster
needs to use this value, because the pg_multixact/offsets/ file wouldn't
exist or wouldn't be large enough.  To fix, ensure that the transient
server instances launched by pg_upgrade extend the file as necessary.

Per report from Jesse Denardo in
CANiVXAj4c88YqipsyFQPboqMudnjcNTdB3pqe8ReXqAFQ=HXyA@mail.gmail.com
Fix qual-clause-misplacement issues with pulled-up LATERAL subqueries.

In an example such as
SELECT * FROM
  i LEFT JOIN LATERAL (SELECT * FROM j WHERE i.n = j.n) j ON true;
it is safe to pull up the LATERAL subquery into its parent, but we must
then treat the "i.n = j.n" clause as a qual clause of the LEFT JOIN.  The
previous coding in deconstruct_recurse mistakenly labeled the clause as
"is_pushed_down", resulting in wrong semantics if the clause were applied
at the join node, as per an example submitted awhile ago by Jeremy Evans.
To fix, postpone processing of such clauses until we return back up to
the appropriate recursion depth in deconstruct_recurse.

In addition, tighten the is-safe-to-pull-up checks in is_simple_subquery;
we previously missed the possibility that the LATERAL subquery might itself
contain an outer join that makes lateral references in lower quals unsafe.

A regression test case equivalent to Jeremy's example was already in my
commit of yesterday, but was giving the wrong results because of this
bug.  This patch fixes the expected output for that, and also adds a
test case for the second problem.
Rename the "fast_promote" file to just "promote".

This keeps the usual trigger file name unchanged from 9.2, avoiding nasty
issues if you use a pre-9.3 pg_ctl binary with a 9.3 server or vice versa.
The fallback behavior of creating a full checkpoint before starting up is now
triggered by a file called "fallback_promote". That can be useful for
debugging purposes, but we don't expect any users to have to resort to that
and we might want to remove that in the future, which is why the fallback
mechanism is undocumented.
Fix removal of files in pgstats directories

Instead of deleting all files in stats_temp_directory and the permanent
directory on a crash, only remove those files that match the pattern of
files we actually write in them, to avoid possibly clobbering existing
unrelated contents of the temporary directory.  Per complaint from Jeff
Janes, and subsequent discussion, starting at message
CAMkU=1z9+7RsDODnT4=cDFBRBp8wYQbd_qsLcMtKEf-oFwuOdQ@mail.gmail.com

Also, fix a bug in the same routine to avoid removing files from the
permanent directory twice (instead of once from that directory and then
from the temporary directory), also per report from Jeff Janes, in
message
CAMkU=1wbk947=-pAosDMX5VC+sQw9W4ttq6RM9rXu=MjNeEQKA@mail.gmail.com
Be more wary of unwanted whitespace in pgstat_reset_remove_files().

sscanf isn't the easiest thing to use for exact pattern checks ...
also, don't use strncmp where strcmp will do.
release notes: update link to 9.3 PL/pgSQL constraint error info

Backpatch to 9.3.

Pavel Stehule
Unconditionally use the WSA equivalents of Socket error constants.

This change will only apply to mingw compilers, and has been found
necessary by late versions of the mingw-w64 compiler. It's the same as
what is done elsewhere for the Microsoft compilers.

If this doesn't upset older compilers in the buildfarm, it will be
backpatched to 9.1.

Problem reported by Michael Cronenworth, although not his patch.
docs: Remove second 'trim' index reference

Per suggestion from Vik Fearing
Fix hash table size estimation error in choose_hashed_distinct().

We should account for the per-group hashtable entry overhead when
considering whether to use a hash aggregate to implement DISTINCT.  The
comparable logic in choose_hashed_grouping() gets this right, but I think
I omitted it here in the mistaken belief that there would be no overhead
if there were no aggregate functions to be evaluated.  This can result in
more than 2X underestimate of the hash table size, if the tuples being
aggregated aren't very wide.  Per report from Tomas Vondra.

This bug is of long standing, but per discussion we'll only back-patch into
9.3.  Changing the estimation behavior in stable branches seems to carry too
much risk of destabilizing plan choices for already-tuned applications.
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into ordinality