mds: open inode by ino

This patch adds "open-by-ino" helper. It utilizes backtrace to find
inode's path and open the inode. The algorithm looks like:

1. Check MDS peers. If any MDS has the inode in its cache, goto step 6.
2. Fetch backtrace. If backtrace was previously fetched and the same
   backtrace again, return -EIO.
3. Traverse the path in backtrace. If the inode is found, goto step 6;
   if non-auth dirfrag is encountered, goto next step. If fail to find
   the inode in its parent dir, goto step 1.
4. Request MDS peers to traverse the path in backtrace. If the inode
   is found, goto step 6. If MDS peer encounters non-auth dirfrag, it
   stops traversing. If any MDS peer fails to find the inode in its
   parent dir, goto step 1.
5. Use the same algorithm to open the inode's parent. Goto step 3 if
   succeeds; goto step 1 if fails.
6. return the inode's auth MDS ID.

The algorithm has two main assumptions:
1. If an inode is in its auth MDS's cache, its on-disk backtrace
   can be out of date.
2. If an inode is not in any MDS's cache, its on-disk backtrace
   must be up to date.

Signed-off-by: Yan, Zheng <zheng.z.yan@intel.com>
mds: open missing cap inodes

When a recovering MDS enters reconnect stage, client sends reconnect
messages to it. The message lists open files, their path, and issued
caps. If an inode is not in the cache, the recovering MDS uses the
path client provides to determine if it's the inode's authority. If
not, the recovering MDS exports the inode's caps to other MDS. The
issue here is that the path client provides isn't always accuracy.

The fix is use recently added "open inode by ino" function to open
any missing cap inodes when the recovering MDS enters rejoin stage.
Send cache rejoin messages to other MDS after all caps' authorities
are determined.

Signed-off-by: Yan, Zheng <zheng.z.yan@intel.com>