Make fast promotion the default promotion mode.
Continue to allow a request for synchronous
checkpoints as a mechanism in case of problems.
Fix assertion failure for REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW in PL.

This was due to incomplete implementation of rowcount reporting
for RMV, which was due to initial waffling on whether it should
be provided.  It seems unlikely to be a useful or universally
available  number as more sophisticated techniques for maintaining
matviews are added, so remove the partial support rather than
completing it.

Per report of Jeevan Chalke, but with a different fix
Add missing #include.

On non-Windows systems, sys/time.h was pulled in by portability/instr_time.h,
which pulled in time.h. We certainly should include time.h directly, since
we're using time(2), but the indirect include masked the problem on most
platforms.

Andres Freund
PL/pgSQL doc: Add example for RETURN QUERY

Erwin Brandstetter and Pavel Stěhule
initdb: Improve some messages
pg_basebackup: Add missing newlines at end of lines
Fix typo in comment.

Peter Geoghegan
Avoid deadlock between concurrent CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY commands.

There was a high probability of two or more concurrent C.I.C. commands
deadlocking just before completion, because each would wait for the others
to release their reference snapshots.  Fix by releasing the snapshot
before waiting for other snapshots to go away.

Per report from Paul Hinze.  Back-patch to all active branches.
libpq: Fix a few bits that didn't get the memo about COPY BOTH.

There's probably no real bug here at present, so not backpatching.
But it seems good to make these bits consistent with the rest of
libpq, so as to avoid future surprises.

Patch by me.  Review by Tom Lane.
Ensure that user created rows in extension tables get dumped if the table is explicitly requested, either with a -t/--table switch of the table itself, or by -n/--schema switch of the schema containing the extension table. Patch reviewed by Vibhor Kumar and Dimitri Fontaine.

Backpatched to 9.1 when the extension management facility was added.
Fix collation assignment for aggregates with ORDER BY.

ORDER BY expressions were being treated the same as regular aggregate
arguments for purposes of collation determination, but really they should
not affect the aggregate's collation at all; only collations of the
aggregate's regular arguments should affect it.

In many cases this mistake would lead to incorrectly throwing a "collation
conflict" error; but in some cases the corrected code will silently assign
a different collation to the aggregate than before, for example
	agg(foo ORDER BY bar COLLATE "x")
which will now use foo's collation rather than "x" for the aggregate.
Given this risk and the lack of field complaints about the issue, it
doesn't seem prudent to back-patch.

In passing, rearrange code in assign_collations_walker so that we don't
need multiple copies of the standard logic for computing collation of a
node with children.  (Previously, CaseExpr duplicated the standard logic,
and we would have needed a third copy for Aggref without this change.)

Andrew Gierth and David Fetter
Update config.guess and config.sub
Improve message about failed transaction log archiving

The old phrasing appeared to imply that the failure was terminal.
Improve that by indicating that archiving will be tried again later.
Incidental cleanup of matviews code.

Move checking for unscannable matviews into ExecOpenScanRelation, which is
a better place for it first because the open relation is already available
(saving a relcache lookup cycle), and second because this eliminates the
problem of telling the difference between rangetable entries that will or
will not be scanned by the query.  In particular we can get rid of the
not-terribly-well-thought-out-or-implemented isResultRel field that the
initial matviews patch added to RangeTblEntry.

Also get rid of entirely unnecessary scannability check in the rewriter,
and a bogus decision about whether RefreshMatViewStmt requires a parse-time
snapshot.

catversion bump due to removal of a RangeTblEntry field, which changes
stored rules.
pg_dump: Improve message formatting
Fix unsafe event-trigger coding in ProcessUtility().

We mustn't run any of the event-trigger support code when handling
utility statements like START TRANSACTION or ABORT, because that code
may need to refresh event-trigger cache data, which requires being
inside a valid transaction.  (This mistake explains the consistent
build failures exhibited by the CLOBBER_CACHE_ALWAYS buildfarm members,
as well as some irreproducible failures on other members.)

The least messy fix seems to be to break standard_ProcessUtility into two
functions, one that handles all the statements not supported by event
triggers, and one that contains the event-trigger support code and handles
the statements that are supported by event triggers.

This change also fixes several inconsistencies, such as four cases where
support had been installed for "ddl_event_start" but not "ddl_event_end"
triggers, plus the fact that InvokeDDLCommandEventTriggersIfSupported()
paid no mind to isCompleteQuery.

Dimitri Fontaine and Tom Lane
Editorialize a bit on new ProcessUtility() API.

Choose a saner ordering of parameters (adding a new input param after
the output params seemed a bit random), update the function's header
comment to match reality (cmon folks, is this really that hard?),
get rid of useless and sloppily-defined distinction between
PROCESS_UTILITY_SUBCOMMAND and PROCESS_UTILITY_GENERATED.
Introduce new page checksum algorithm and module.
Isolate checksum calculation to its own module, so that bufpage
knows little if anything about the details of the calculation.

This implementation is a modified FNV-1a hash checksum, details
of which are given in the new checksum.c header comments.

Basic implementation only, so we fix the output value.

Later related commits will add version numbers to pg_control,
compiler optimization flags and memory barriers.

Ants Aasma, reviewed by Jeff Davis and Simon Riggs
Attempt to fix error recovery in COPY BOTH mode.

Previously, libpq and the backend had opposite ideas about whether
it was necessary for the client to send a CopyDone message after
receiving an ErrorResponse, making it impossible to cleanly exit
COPY BOTH mode.  Fix libpq so that works correctly, adopting the
backend's notion that an ErrorResponse kills the copy in both
directions.

Adjust receivelog.c to avoid a degradation in the quality of the
resulting error messages.  libpqwalreceiver.c is already doing
the right thing, so no adjustment needed there.

Add an explicit statement to the documentation explaining how
this part of the protocol is supposed to work, in the hopes of
avoiding future confusion in this area.

Since the consequences of all this confusion are very limited,
especially in the back-branches where no client ever attempts
to exit COPY BOTH mode without closing the connection entirely,
no back-patch.
Ensure ANALYZE phase is not skipped because of canceled truncate.

Patch b19e4250b45e91c9cbdd18d35ea6391ab5961c8d attempted to
preserve existing behavior regarding statistics generation in the
case that a truncation attempt was canceled due to lock conflicts.
It failed to do this accurately in two regards: (1) autovacuum had
previously generated statistics if the truncate attempt failed to
initially get the lock rather than having started the attempt, and
(2) the VACUUM ANALYZE command had always generated statistics.

Both of these changes were unintended, and are reverted by this
patch.  On review, there seems to be consensus that the previous
failure to generate statistics when the truncate was terminated
was more an unfortunate consequence of how that effort was
previously terminated than a feature we want to keep; so this
patch generates statistics even when an autovacuum truncation
attempt terminates early.  Another unintended change which is kept
on the basis that it is an improvement is that when a VACUUM
command is truncating, it will the new heuristic for avoiding
blocking other processes, rather than keeping an
AccessExclusiveLock on the table for however long the truncation
takes.

Per multiple reports, with some renaming per patch by Jeff Janes.

Backpatch to 9.0, where problem was created.