rbd: clear EXISTS flag if mapped snapshot disappears

This functionality inadvertently disappeared in the last patch.

Image snapshots can get removed at just about any time.  In
particular it can disappear even if it is in use by an rbd
client as a mapped image.

The rbd client deals with such a disappearance by responding to new
requests with ENXIO.  This is implemented by each rbd device
maintaining an EXISTS flag, which is normally set but cleared if a
snapshot disappears.

This patch (re-)implements the clearing of that flag.

Whenever mapped image header information is refreshed, if the
mapping is for a snapshot, verify the mapped snapshot is still
present in the updated snapshot context.  If it is not, clear the
flag.

It is not necessary to check this in the initial probe, because the
probe will not succeed if the snapshot doesn't exist.

This resolves:
    http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/4880

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: use binary search for snapshot lookup

Use bsearch(3) to make snapshot lookup by id more efficient.  (There
could be thousands of snapshots, and conceivably many more.)

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: allocate image requests with a slab allocator

Create a slab cache to manage rbd_img_request allocation.  Nothing
too fancy at this point--we'll still initialize everything at
allocation time (no constructor)

This is part of:
    http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/3926

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: allocate name separate from obj_request

The next patch will define a slab allocator for a object requests.
To use that we'll need to allocate the name of an object separate
from the request structure itself.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: allocate object requests with a slab allocator

Create a slab cache to manage rbd_obj_request allocation.  We aren't
using a constructor, and we'll zero-fill object request structures
when they're allocated.

This is part of:
    http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/3926

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
rbd: allocate image object names with a slab allocator

The names of objects used for image object requests are always fixed
size.  So create a slab cache to manage them.  Define a new function
rbd_segment_name_free() to match rbd_segment_name() (which is what
supplies the dynamically-allocated name buffer).

This is part of:
    http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/3926

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
libceph: allocate ceph messages with a slab allocator

Create a slab cache to manage ceph_msg structure allocation.

This is part of:
    http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/3926

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
libceph: allocate ceph message data with a slab allocator

Create a slab cache to manage ceph_msg_data structure allocation.

This is part of:
    http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/3926

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>