Statically link std libraries under mingw

Allows for easier redistribution.

No functional change.
Use DD-MM-YY as date format

In engine name and version number.

No functional change.
Convert Readme to markdown format

Looks better on GitHub, that supports this format.

No functional change.
Avoid a tricky line in shelter_storm()

kf = (kf == FILE_A) ? kf++ : ....

is tricky becuase kf is updated twice and it happens
to do the right thing just by accident.

Rewrite in a better way.

Spotted by pdimov

No functional change.
Prune negative SEE moves also in PV nodes

This patch is actually the sum of two contributions that
have been tested independently:

1) Pruning of negative SEE moves in PV

After 10000 games at 20+0.05
ELO: 5.18 +-7 (95%) LOS: 99.2%
Total: 10000 W: 1952 L: 1803 D: 6245

2) Remove of bestValue > VALUE_MATED_IN_MAX_PLY condition

After 23000 games at 20+0.05
ELO: 1.63 +-4 (95%) LOS: 88.1%
Total: 23000 W: 4232 L: 4124 D: 14644

The whole patch as been re-tested at long TC with positive results:

After 10000 games at 60+0.05
ELO: 4.31 +-7 (95%) LOS: 98.3%
Total: 10000 W: 1765 L: 1641 D: 6594
Remove pruning condition on alpha

Further simplifying on Lucas's idea, seems reliable
in tests:

ELO: 2.15 +-7 (95%) LOS: 84.9%
Total: 9999 W: 1831 L: 1769 D: 6399
Merge Lucas's "SEE pruning at PV nodes"

bench: 4922272
Split() clean up locking

Only unlock and relock when idle_loop() is actually called

No functional change
Remove strange use of the ternary operator

Note that we read shared data without lock
protection, so code is theoretically prone to
torn reads. But, first splitPoint pointer
never changes, and alpha is of integer type so
it is read in a single DWORD access.

No functional change.
Rename sp to splitPoint

Still keep 'sp' name when used as local
variable with limited scope.

From Jundery.

No functional change.
Store moves sent with "position" UCI command

Store all the game moves until current position.

This will be used by next patch.

No functional change.
Fix easy re-capture case

We detect an easy move as a recapture with an
high margin on the second best move.

Unfortunatly the recapture detection is broken
becuase we identify as a recapture any move that
follows an opponent's previous capture !

This patch fix the logic to correctly detect a
real re-capture.

No functional change.
Stop search if only 1 legal move

There is no point searching a move that is forced.
It wastes time while allowing computer opponents to
fill hash with 100% accuracy.

[edit: Condition moved together with "easy move" ones]

Bench identical: 4922272
Fix race condition where idle_loop() gets called from Split()

SplitPoint member slavesMask wasn't read under lock

No functional change.
Avoid locking/unlocking in a tight loop

After previous patch if split point master is
waiting for job and "Use Sleeping Threads" is
false (our condition for official releases) then
it will lock/unlock splitPoint mutex in a super
tight loop badly affecting performance.

Rewrite the code to lock only when we are about
to finish. Note that race condition on slavesMask
is anyhow fixed.

No functional change.
Simplify "easy move" detection

Detect a move as easy only if it is the only one ;-)
or if is much better than remaining ones after we
have spent 20% of search time.

Tests are ongoing, but it seems this semplification
stands. Anyhow it is experimental for now and could
be reverted/improved with further work Gary is
testing right now.

No functional change.
Revert "Store moves sent with "position" UCI command"

This reverts commit 0d68b523a390e2f5c37f211316869d798e852289.

After easy move semplification this machinery is not
needed anymore (because of we don't need to know if a
root move is a recapture)

No functional change.
Increase see prune depth

This seems good at short TC controls.

After 10000 games at 20+0.05
ELO: 9.56 +-6.8 (95%) LOS: 100.0%
Total: 10000 W: 1949 L: 1674 D: 6377

Testing at long TC and regression testing is still
ongoing. So this is a bit speculative commit and
could be reverted in the future.

Also re-testing at long TC the SEE pruning in PV nodes
seems less effective (perhaps even a regression, but
still ongoing) so disabled for now.

bench: 4968764
Be more aggressive on trying to finish iterations

Increase MaxRatio to use more time when in trouble.

After 16000 games at 60+0.05
ELO: 4.89 +-5.4 (95%) LOS: 99.9%
Total: 16000 W: 2700 L: 2475 D: 10825

No functional change.
Check for easy move just once

Here the rational seems to be that if after one try easy
move detection fails then the easy move is not so easy :-)

After 15563 games at 60+0.05
ELO: 3.04 +-5.5 (95%) LOS: 97.0%
Total: 15563 W: 2664 L: 2528 D: 10371

No functional change.