Use isl_val instead of isl_int in the core of Polly

isl recently introduced isl_val as an abstract interface to represent arbitrary
precision numbers. This interface superseeds the old isl_int interface. In
contrast to the old interface which implemented arbitrary precision arithmetic
using macros that forward to the gmp library, the new library hides the math
library implementation in isl. This allows us to switch the math library used by
isl without affecting users such as Polly.