Remove type overflow checks from check_const.rs, refs #4220

The checks are now handled by the linter
Check inferred integer literals for overflows, closes #4220
auto merge of #10018 : fhahn/rust/check-inferred-ints, r=alexcrichton

I've started working on this issue and pushed a small commit, which adds a range check for integer literals in `middle::const_eval` (no `uint` at the moment) 
At the moment, this patch is just a proof of concept, I'm not sure if there is a better function for the checks in `middle::const_eval`. This patch does not check for overflows after constant folding, eg:

    let x: i8 = 99 + 99;