mmc: core: Allow changing bus frequency for SD/eMMC cards in runtime

Currently, bus frequency is set during the card initialization and
never changed until a new card is inserted. In some low power use
cases, scaling the clock frequencies while the card is in transfer
state would allow power savings. This change allows bus frequency
to be changed after the card initialization.

Change-Id: Iac064221199f69d162d91f5311becd735c15700a
Signed-off-by: Sujit Reddy Thumma <sthumma@codeaurora.org>
mmc: core: Add load based clock scaling support

The SD3.0/eMMC4.5/SDIO3.0 cards can support clock rates upto
200MHz (SDR104 or HS200 bus speed modes). For some workloads
like video playback it isn't necessary for these cards to run
at such high speed. Running at lower frequency, say 50MHz, in
such cases can still meet the deadlines for data transfers.
Scaling down the clock frequency dynamically has huge power
savings not only because the bus is running at lower frequency
but also has an advantage of scaling down the system core
voltage, if supported.

Provide an ondemand clock scaling support similar to cpufreq
ondemand governor having two thresholds, up_threshold and
down_threshold to decide whether to increase the frequency or
scale it down respectively. The sampling interval is in the
order of milliseconds and should be chosen by host drivers that
enable MMC_CAP2_CLK_SCALE capability to take advantage of clock
scaling. The sampling interval mainly depends on the the clock
switching delays and hence a host driver decision. If sampling
interval is too low frequent switching of frequencies can lead
to high power consumption and if sampling interval is too high,
the clock scaling logic would take long time to realize that the
underlying hardware (controller and card) is busy and scale up
the clocks.

Change-Id: I22a5054beec41b0b66b3bf030ddfcf284de448b3
Signed-off-by: Sujit Reddy Thumma <sthumma@codeaurora.org>
mmc: core: Add sysfs entries for dynamic control of clock scaling

Add sysfs attributes to allow dynamic control of clock scaling
parameters. These attributes are used to enable/disable clock
scaling at runtime and change the up_threshold, down_threshold,
and polling_interval values. Complete documentation for these
sysfs entries are provided at "Documentation/mmc/mmc-dev-attrs.txt".

Change-Id: I4753c75c3b3eeea91e93bceba7af2535b793612e
Signed-off-by: Sujit Reddy Thumma <sthumma@codeaurora.org>

Conflicts:

	drivers/mmc/core/host.c
mmc: core: claim mmc host while enabling clock scaling from userspace

A race condition can occur while enabling clock scaling and removal
of the card. If the card is removed just after the host->card check
is successful then there could be NULL pointer dereference later.
Claim mmc host before card availability check to avoid this race
condition.

Change-Id: I6339cad5857732ec6b66280940cd6b8b7ed30614
Signed-off-by: Sujit Reddy Thumma <sthumma@codeaurora.org>
mmc: core: run clock scaling only in valid card state

Clock scaling requires the tuning and if the tuning command
is sent to the card in invalid state, tuning procedure will
fail.

With urgent request mechanism implemented, there is a chance
that clock scaling invoked when card is not in a proper state
to receive the tuning command.

This change checks the card state (by sending the status command)
before invoking the clock scaling request.

Change-Id: Icb71a8e74a9afdc70380a5901cd3d28931959e9c
Signed-off-by: Subhash Jadavani <subhashj@codeaurora.org>
mmc: core: Log MMC clock frequency transitions

Use kernel's ftrace support to capture MMC clock frequency
transitions which can be useful for debugging issues related
to power consumption.

Usage:
mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/mmc/mmc_clk/enable
cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe

Change-Id: I25c4ee39dcbe30e7665902a9f723a5a421b55ca3
Signed-off-by: Sujit Reddy Thumma <sthumma@codeaurora.org>

Conflicts:

	drivers/mmc/core/core.c
mmc: core: Add support for notifying host driver while scaling clocks

Host drivers can participate in clock scaling by registering
->notify_load host operation, which allows host driver to carry out
platform specific operations for further power savings or increasing
throughput based on whether load is LOW or HIGH respectively. This
can be applicable to non-ultra high speed cards as well so remove
the check for ultra high speed cards to initialize clock scaling.

Change-Id: Icaab9520135e384f5470db68b2f25c5cdce5663a
Signed-off-by: Sujit Reddy Thumma <sthumma@codeaurora.org>
mmc: dw_mmc: Enable clock scaling capability

Enable capability, MMC_CAP2_CLK_SCALE to allow mmc core
to scale the clocks at runtime based on load on card.
Fixed MCC merge rebuilded my scripts added CCACHE to Makefile
Merge branch 'android-exynos-3.4-SEC' into perseus

Conflicts:
	drivers/cpufreq/exynos-ikcs-cpufreq.c
video: fix syntax warning
fs: Add sdcardfs case-insensitive search support

Signed-off-by: Andrei F <luxneb@gmail.com>
lowmemorykiller: Add Android-style oom-killer

Signed-off-by: Andrei F <luxneb@gmail.com>
staging: Add virtual NAND swap device driver
debugfs: add get/set for atomic types

debugfs currently lack the ability to create attributes
that set/get atomic_t values.

This patch adds support for this through a new
debugfs_create_atomic_t() function.

Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Conflicts:

	fs/debugfs/file.c
zbud: add to mm/

zbud is an special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages.  It is
designed to store up to two compressed pages per physical page.  While
this design limits storage density, it has simple and deterministic
reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher density approach
when reclaim will be used.

zbud works by storing compressed pages, or "zpages", together in pairs in
a single memory page called a "zbud page".  The first buddy is "left
justifed" at the beginning of the zbud page, and the last buddy is "right
justified" at the end of the zbud page.  The benefit is that if either
buddy is freed, the freed buddy space, coalesced with whatever slack space
that existed between the buddies, results in the largest possible free
region within the zbud page.

zbud also provides an attractive lower bound on density.  The ratio of
zpages to zbud pages can not be less than 1.  This ensures that zbud can
never "do harm" by using more pages to store zpages than the uncompressed
zpages would have used on their own.

This implementation is a rewrite of the zbud allocator internally used by
zcache in the driver/staging tree.  The rewrite was necessary to remove
some of the zcache specific elements that were ingrained throughout and
provide a generic allocation interface that can later be used by zsmalloc
and others.

This patch adds zbud to mm/ for later use by zswap.

Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>
Cc: Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Jenifer Hopper <jhopper@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickens <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Conflicts:

	mm/Kconfig
	mm/Makefile
zswap: init under_reclaim

Bob Liu reported a memory leak in zswap.  This was due to the
under_reclaim field in the zbud header not being initialized
to 0, which resulted in zbud_free() not freeing the page
under the false assumption that the page was undergoing
zbud reclaim.

This patch properly initializes the under_reclaim field.

Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
zswap: add to mm/

zswap is a thin backend for frontswap that takes pages that are in the
process of being swapped out and attempts to compress them and store them
in a RAM-based memory pool.  This can result in a significant I/O
reduction on the swap device and, in the case where decompressing from RAM
is faster than reading from the swap device, can also improve workload
performance.

It also has support for evicting swap pages that are currently compressed
in zswap to the swap device on an LRU(ish) basis.  This functionality
makes zswap a true cache in that, once the cache is full, the oldest pages
can be moved out of zswap to the swap device so newer pages can be
compressed and stored in zswap.

This patch adds the zswap driver to mm/

Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>
Cc: Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Jenifer Hopper <jhopper@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickens <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Conflicts:

	mm/Kconfig
zswap: fix Kconfig to depend on CRYPTO=y

The Kconfig entry for zswap currently allows CRYPTO=m to satisfy the
zswap dependency.  However zswap is boolean (i.e. built-in) and has
symbol dependencies on CRYPTO.  Additionally, because the CRYPTO dependency
is satisfied with =m, the additional selects zswap does can also
be satisfied with =m, which leads to additional linking errors.

>From the report:
=====
tree:   git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mhocko/mm.git since-3.9
head:   57cefddb141d6c9d0ab4f5a8589dd017f796a3f7
commit: 563f51c95b552e0d663df5bdf6cfc8e8a72d3ec6 [494/499] zswap: add to mm/
config: x86_64-randconfig-x004-0619 (attached as .config)

All error/warnings:

   mm/built-in.o: In function `zswap_frontswap_invalidate_area':
>> zswap.c:(.text+0x3a705): undefined reference to `zbud_free'
   mm/built-in.o: In function `zswap_free_entry':
>> zswap.c:(.text+0x3a76b): undefined reference to `zbud_free'
>> zswap.c:(.text+0x3a789): undefined reference to `zbud_get_pool_size'
on and on...
=====

This patch makes CRYPTO a built-in dependency of ZSWAP.  This has the
side effect of also making the selects built-in.

Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
swap: allow swap readahead to be merged

Swap readahead works fine, but the I/O to disk is almost always done in
page size requests, despite the fact that readahead submits
1<<page-cluster pages at a time.

On older kernels the old per device plugging behavior might have captured
this and merged the requests, but currently all comes down to much more
I/Os than required.

On a single device this might not be an issue, but as soon as a server
runs on shared san resources savin I/Os not only improves swapin
throughput but also provides a lower resource utilization.

With a load running KVM in a lot of memory overcommitment (the hot memory
is 1.5 times the host memory) swapping throughput improves significantly
and the lead feels more responsive as well as achieves more throughput.

In a test setup with 16 swap disks running blocktrace on one of those disks
shows the improved merging:
Prior:
Reads Queued:     560,888,    2,243MiB  Writes Queued:     226,242,  904,968KiB
Read Dispatches:  544,701,    2,243MiB  Write Dispatches:  159,318,  904,968KiB
Reads Requeued:         0               Writes Requeued:         0
Reads Completed:  544,716,    2,243MiB  Writes Completed:  159,321,  904,980KiB
Read Merges:       16,187,   64,748KiB  Write Merges:       61,744,  246,976KiB
IO unplugs:       149,614               Timer unplugs:       2,940

With the patch:
Reads Queued:     734,315,    2,937MiB  Writes Queued:     300,188,    1,200MiB
Read Dispatches:  214,972,    2,937MiB  Write Dispatches:  215,176,    1,200MiB
Reads Requeued:         0               Writes Requeued:         0
Reads Completed:  214,971,    2,937MiB  Writes Completed:  215,177,    1,200MiB
Read Merges:      519,343,    2,077MiB  Write Merges:       73,325,  293,300KiB
IO unplugs:       337,130               Timer unplugs:      11,184

I got ~10% to ~40% more throughput in my cases and at the same time much
lower cpu consumption when broken down per transferred kilobyte (the
majority of that due to saved interrupts and better cache handling).  In a
shared SAN others might get an additional benefit as well, because this
now causes less protocol overhead.

Signed-off-by: Christian Ehrhardt <ehrhardt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>