feat(stateDirectives): specify options in ui-sref for $state calls

A slightly different take on #628. Although @tobigit's regex is quite impressive, I thought it might be nice to let angular do more of the heavy lifting.

Not 100% sure about the change to `$StateActiveDirective`. Did I understand the second argument to `$state.get` correctly? Also, should I be passing `params` straight into `$$setStateInfo`, or should I find a way to resolve parameter inheritance first? I don't immediately see a way to do that without duplicating the logic in `$state.transitionTo`. With a little more guidance here I'd be glad to add a couple tests to cover this.

I would be more inclined to `spyOn($state, 'href')` and `spyOn($state, 'go')` instead of munging arguments and inspecting the side effects. I went with the latter style since it seemed to match the rest of the spec better.