Math Optimizations & Cleanups

I have a few math optimizations and cleanups here.

 - Inlined some math methods to remove function call overheads in debug and release.
 - Removed duplicate implementations of methods...  non-`ref` methods should always call the `ref` version.
 - Fixed cases where `ref` method was slower than non-`ref` method.

I submitted this now for feedback, but i expect to make more of these fixes in the coming weeks.  We can leave this open for a while i'll continue to add to it.