Inflector irregular singularize rules
Adding Back Rails::Engine::Railties#engines

Removing it breaks functionality with gems such as Thinking Sphinx.
This restores it with a deprecation warning. Closes #8551
remove 'update' duplications
update assets guide code styling

* 1.9 hash syntax
* proper formatting around one line blocks
* do-end for multiline blocks
Clarified the minute option on DateTime#change
Update guides/source/active_record_basics.md
Fix .update_all and .delete_all when using a condition on a joined table
in a default_scope.

`Model.joins(...).where(condition_on_joined_table).update_all` /
`delete_all` worked, but the same operation implemented with a
default_scope generated a SQL error because ActiveRecord ignored the
join but implemented the where condition anyways.
Update engine application layout file path
Fix typo in guides/source/engines.md
Fix typo in guides/source/engines.md
`CollectionAssociation#empty?` respects newly builded records
Fix simple expression
fix reference to ActiveSupport::ProxyObject
rake railties:install:migrations respects the order of railties
Account for ignored cookie set by turbolinks
Use Rails 4 find_by in README [ci skip]
Merge pull request #8947 from joneslee85/patch-1

Use Rails 4 find_by in README [ci skip]
Merge pull request #8946 from reednj77/rack-cache-headers

Account for ignored cookie set by turbolinks
ActiveRecord <-> Active Record [ci skip]
Merge pull request #8949 from joneslee85/patch-2

ActiveRecord <-> Active Record [ci skip]