thesis: add PDF document information

These fields will show up in, for instance, the "Properties" window and
in the title bar of your PDF viewer.
Makefile: don't use recursive variable assignment

This Makefile is just using these variables as-is, so assign them once.
Allegedly, this can boost performance. It's also less confusing, once
variables get more complicated.
Makefile: use immediate wildcard expansion
Makefile: separate recipe from dependencies

We can cleanly separate the rule for generating thesis.dvi (from
thesis.latex) from the rule that marks the dependies for thesis.dvi.
preliminaries: remove space around title

This space will show up in the PDF title, among other places.
thesis.pdf: update sample PDF