update to ruby 2.0.0 and ruby 4.0.0

NOTE: this breaks everything until conversion is complete!
migrate environment configs to rails4
user unit tests pass
remove some deprecated dynamic finder methods
after running `rake rails:upgrade` for rails4
send valid links in emails!
use the devise 3 rc to eliminate warnings
patch is the new put
log db query explains in dev
workaround for cancan incompatability with rails4

https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/issues/835

once this issue is closed, it should be safe to revert this change
convert natures controller to rails 4
document nature_params
update dependencies
ideology tests pass
actually use ideology_params
comment tests are successful
convert dynamic find methods
cliques functional tests pass
static functional tests pass
chronicle functional tests pass!