doc: remove mention of maxTickDepth

maxTickDepth has been removed, but mention of it was left in the docs.
Also added explanation that nextTick is allowed to starve I/O.
string_bytes: export GetExternalParts

The method is useful elsewhere when needing to check if external and
grab data.
fs: write strings directly to disk

Prior, strings would first be converted to a Buffer before being written
to disk. Now the intermediary step has been removed.

Other changes of note:

* Class member "must_free" was added to req_wrap so to track if the
  memory needs to be manually cleaned up after use.
* External String Resource support, so the memory will be used directly
  instead of copying out the data.
* Docs have been updated to reflect that if position is not a number
  then it will assume null. Previously it specified the argument must be
  null, but that was not how the code worked. An attempt was made to
  only support == null, but there were too many tests that assumed !=
  number would be enough.
* Docs update show some of the write/writeSync arguments are optional.