IR: Don't constant fold GEP bitcasts between different address spaces

PR15262 reported a bug where the following instruction:

  i8 getelementptr inbounds i8* bitcast ([4 x i8] addrspace(12)* @buf to i8*),
                                i32 2

was getting folded into:

  addrspace(12)* getelementptr inbounds ([4 x i8] addrspace(12)* @buf, i32 0,
                                        i32 2)

This caused instcombine to crash because the original instruction and
the folded instruction have different types.  The issue was fixed by
disallowing bitcasts between different address spaces to be folded away.
Change Type::getLinkageAndVisibility to return a LinkageInfo.