moves TreeBuilder into the parser

This is the first of the two patches to the parser necessary for
quasiquotes to function.

This one moves TreeBuilder from Global to the internals of the Parsers,
so that quasiquotes will be able to override it later to support some
corner cases arising from splicing (see the subsequent quasiquote commit
for more details).

Surprisingly enough, almost noone used TreeBuilder outside the parser,
and it was necessary to move just a couple of methods to TreeGen to
satisfy broken dependencies.
extensibility hooks for parser

This is the second of the two patches to the parser necessary for
quasiquotes to function.

This one applies just a couple of minor changes to the way parser works,
so that quasiquotes will be able to extend it to support some
corner cases arising from splicing (see the subsequent quasiquote commit
for more details).
adds the lookahead routine to the parser

Introduces a scoping operator used to temporarily look into the future.
Backs up scanner data before evaluating a block and restores it after.

Not used anywhere, only necessary for the upcoming quasiquote patch
in order to reliably detect and accordingly process holes in quasiquoted
Scala syntax.
moves template creation logic from nsc to reflect

This routine is going to be necessary in scala-reflect.jar to support
ClassDef construction/deconstruction in the upcoming quasiquote patch.
introduces extensibility hooks into the reifier

Quasiquoting macros are surprisingly similar to reifying macros, since
both take something and then produce Scala ASTs for that something.

Therefore the upcoming quasiquote patch reuses the vanilla reifier,
adjusting it in key points to enable splicing and extraction to
support string interpolation syntax.

In this commit we prepare the reifier for being reused later on,
adding a modest amound of extensibility hooks.
implements quasiquotes

- Additions to the reflection API:

  - The Quasiquotes implicit class that defines `q`, `tq`, `pq` and `cq`
    interpolators which now become a part of the `scala.reflect.api.
    Universe`.

  - Implementations of the interpolators are macro-based
    and are hardwired through `FastTrack`.

  - The `Liftable` class and the `StandardLiftables` slice of the cake
    that provide a type class and a bunch of its instances that allow
    to easily splice user-defined types into quasiquotes.

  - Additional methods in `BuildUtils` that are used by the quasiquote
    macro to generate trees, notably:

    - `SyntacticClassDef`. An extractor/constructor that allows to
      construct and deconstruct classes using arguments that mirror
      syntactic form of ClassDefs (e.g. constructor outside of the
      body).

    - `TupleN`, `TupleTypeN`. Extractor/constructor for easy
      construction of ast that represents a tuple term or type
      with given amount of elements.

- Actual implementation of quasiquotes in the `scala.tools.reflect.
  quasiquotes` package which is organized into a cake called
  `Quasiquotes` with slices introducing core abstractions necessary to
  splice into Scala syntax, routines for interfacing with the parser,
  and customized reifiers for tree construction and deconstruction.
introduces unapply macros for internal use

Adds a macro hook into the unapply part of `doTypedApply`, provides
`macroExpandUnapply` in the macro engine and applies a couple of minor
refactorings along the way (renames the ugly `macroExpand1` into
oblivion, changes the ctor of `Fingerprint` to be private and upgrades
`MacroRole` from a string to a value class).

Unapply macros haven't been approved for inclusion in 2.11.0, however
they are necessary for pattern-matching quasiquotes. Therefore I'm only
allowing them to expand for QuasiquoteClass_api_unapply.
tests for quasiquotes

Introduces an extensive ScalaCheck-based test suite for recently
implemented quasiquotes. Provides tools for syntactic tree comparison
and verifying compilation error messages.
backward compatibility for TreeBuilder

Reintroduces treeBuilder at its old location (Global.treeBuilder) by
routing it from the new location (Parsers.treeBuilder) for the sake of
being friendly to tools that might depend on it.
precise return type for FlagsAsBits.unapply

This will help the pattern matcher to emit better code for this kind
of extractor that does nothing but wrap the extractee.
macro impls can now return subtypes of c.Tree

10229316db allowed macro impls to take and return values of type c.Tree
in addition to the usual c.Expr. However it didn't take into account that
it is often useful to return subtypes of trees (e.g. with quasiquotes
that expand into expressions typed as precisely as possible). This patch
fixes that oversight.
Merge pull request #2714 from scalamacros/topic/quasiquotes

Quasiquotes