[BC Break][Debug] #2042 implementation of fatal error logging
merged branch Koc/fatal-errors-logging (PR #6474)

This PR was squashed before being merged into the master branch (closes #6474).

Discussion
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[BC Break][Debug] #2042 implementation of fatal error logging

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Bug fix?      | no
| New feature?  | yes
| BC breaks?    | yes
| Deprecations? | no
| Tests pass?   | yes
| Fixed tickets | #2042
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | -

Commits
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7671e5c [BC Break][Debug] #2042 implementation of fatal error logging
tweaked previous merge (refs #6474)