clarify singular and plural routes

Found the wording on line 158 somewhat confusing. Added short example to clarify.
Update guides/source/active_record_querying.md

Fix missing `ORDER BY id ASC` for Client.first(2);
Uppercase the little y in the SQL equivalent of the Client.last(2).
Fix bug in code example from layouts and rendering guide

The code in 2.3.2 assumed that render has an alert option like
redirect_to to create a flash alert message, but it doesn't.
Corrected link anchor and added colons for continuity
improve grammar describing ActionDispatch::Cookies::CookieJar#delete
improve grammar describing ActionDispatch::Cookies::CookieJar#delete
Update the "upgrading" guide for people coming from 3.0 and 3.1. The latest versions for 3.1 and 3.2 are now 3.2.12 and 3.1.11 respectively.
Typo fix.
Link is not relevant anymore

Cannot find the screencast on the internet, guess it was removed
Added documentation for beginning_of_minute and end_of_minute to Active Support Core Extensions guide
Wrap `around_action` word with <code> tag
Update guide doc to use migration shortcuts
BELONGS TO ASSOCIATION | Typo fix
Typo fix
Allow both a path and an option on root in config/routes
Merge pull request #9441 from rubys/master

This is a small thing, motivated by https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/9419
Merge branch 'master' of github.com:lifo/docrails
Update CHANGELOGS
the router allows String contraints.

Closes #9432.