thp: huge zero page: basic preparation

Huge zero page (hzp) is a non-movable huge page (2M on x86-64) filled
with zeros.

For now let's allocate the page on hugepage_init(). We'll switch to lazy
allocation later.

We are not going to map the huge zero page until we can handle it
properly on all code paths.

is_huge_zero_{pfn,pmd}() functions will be used by following patches to
check whether the pfn/pmd is huge zero page.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
thp: zap_huge_pmd(): zap huge zero pmd

We don't have a mapped page to zap in huge zero page case. Let's just
clear pmd and remove it from tlb.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
thp: copy_huge_pmd(): copy huge zero page

It's easy to copy huge zero page. Just set destination pmd to huge zero
page.

It's safe to copy huge zero page since we have none yet :-p

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
thp: do_huge_pmd_wp_page(): handle huge zero page

On write access to huge zero page we alloc a new huge page and clear it.

If ENOMEM, graceful fallback: we create a new pmd table and set pte
around fault address to newly allocated normal (4k) page. All other ptes
in the pmd set to normal zero page.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
thp: change_huge_pmd(): keep huge zero page write-protected

We want to get page fault on write attempt to huge zero page, so let's
keep it write-protected.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
thp: change split_huge_page_pmd() interface

Pass vma instead of mm and add address parameter.

In most cases we already have vma on the stack. We provides
split_huge_page_pmd_mm() for few cases when we have mm, but not vma.

This change is preparation to huge zero pmd splitting implementation.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
thp: implement splitting pmd for huge zero page

We can't split huge zero page itself (and it's bug if we try), but we
can split the pmd which points to it.

On splitting the pmd we create a table with all ptes set to normal zero
page.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
thp: setup huge zero page on non-write page fault

All code paths seems covered. Now we can map huge zero page on read page
fault.

We setup it in do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page() if area around fault address
is suitable for THP and we've got read page fault.

If we fail to setup huge zero page (ENOMEM) we fallback to
handle_pte_fault() as we normally do in THP.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
thp: lazy huge zero page allocation

Instead of allocating huge zero page on hugepage_init() we can postpone it
until first huge zero page map. It saves memory if THP is not in use.

cmpxchg() is used to avoid race on huge_zero_pfn initialization.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
thp: implement refcounting for huge zero page

H. Peter Anvin doesn't like huge zero page which sticks in memory forever
after the first allocation. Here's implementation of lockless refcounting
for huge zero page.

We have two basic primitives: {get,put}_huge_zero_page(). They
manipulate reference counter.

If counter is 0, get_huge_zero_page() allocates a new huge page and
takes two references: one for caller and one for shrinker. We free the
page only in shrinker callback if counter is 1 (only shrinker has the
reference).

put_huge_zero_page() only decrements counter. Counter is never zero
in put_huge_zero_page() since shrinker holds on reference.

Freeing huge zero page in shrinker callback helps to avoid frequent
allocate-free.

Refcounting has cost. On 4 socket machine I observe ~1% slowdown on
parallel (40 processes) read page faulting comparing to lazy huge page
allocation.  I think it's pretty reasonable for synthetic benchmark.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
thp, vmstat: implement HZP_ALLOC and HZP_ALLOC_FAILED events

hzp_alloc is incremented every time a huge zero page is successfully
	allocated. It includes allocations which where dropped due
	race with other allocation. Note, it doesn't count every map
	of the huge zero page, only its allocation.

hzp_alloc_failed is incremented if kernel fails to allocate huge zero
	page and falls back to using small pages.

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
thp: introduce sysfs knob to disable huge zero page

By default kernel tries to use huge zero page on read page fault.
It's possible to disable huge zero page by writing 0 or enable it
back by writing 1:

echo 0 >/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/use_zero_page
echo 1 >/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/use_zero_page

Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Merge branch '3.7/huge-zero-page' into 3.7/master