refactor(location): $location now uses urlUtils, not RegEx

The location service, and other portions of the application, were relying on a complicated regular expression to get parts of a URL. But there is already a private urlUtils provider which relies on HTMLAnchorElement to provide this information, which is suitable for most cases. In order to make urlUtils more accessible in the absence of DI, its methods were converted to standalone functions available globally.

The urlUtils.resolve method was renamed urlResolve, and was refactored to only take 1 argument, url, and not the 2nd "parse" boolean. The method now always returns a parsed url. All places in code which previously wanted a string instead of a parsed url can now get the value from the href property of the returned object.

Tests were also added to ensure IPv6 addresses were handled correctly.

## Todo

 - [x] Get this test passing in IE: $location HashbangUrl should not preserve old properties when parsing new url FAILED (returned URL does not have #!/ as expected)
 - [ ] Review all changes with Igor
 - [x] Whatever Mary Poppins tells me