php: Refactor disconnect callback handling

Also trigger a disconnect on socket send errors.
java: Add TinkerforgeException as basis for all other exceptions
ruby: Add TinkerforgeException as basis for all other exceptions

Also add the missing AlreadyConnectedException and NotConnectedException.
csharp: Add TinkerforgeException as basis for all other exceptions
delphi: Add ETinkerforgeException as basis for all other exceptions

Also add the missing EAlreadyConnectedException and ENotConnectedException.
php: Add TinkerforgeException as basis for all other exceptions

Also add the missing AlreadyConnectedException and NotConnectedException.
Fix typo in Analog Out Bricklet config