qemu: add castagnoli crc32c checksum algorithm

This adds the Castagnoli CRC32C algorithm, using the 0x11EDC6F41
polynomial.

This is extracted from the linux kernel cryptographic crc32.c module.

The algorithm is based on:

Castagnoli93: Guy Castagnoli and Stefan Braeuer and Martin Herrman
             "Optimization of Cyclic Redundancy-Check Codes with 24
              and 32 Parity Bits", IEEE Transactions on Communication,
              Volume 41, Number 6, June 1993
block: vhdx header for the QEMU support of VHDX images

This is based on Microsoft's VHDX specification:
    "VHDX Format Specification v0.95", published 4/12/2012
    https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=29681

The structures are, for the most part, faithful to the spec
document.  Packed structures were avoided where possible, to
reduce alignment issues on different architectures.

Per the specification, all data is little-endian.
block: initial VHDX driver support framework - supports open and probe

This is the initial block driver framework for VHDX image support (
i.e. Hyper-V image file formats), that supports opening VHDX files, and
parsing the headers.

This commit does not yet enable:
    - reading
    - writing
    - updating the header
    - differencing files (images with parents)
    - log replay / dirty logs (only clean images)

This is based on Microsoft's VHDX specification:
    "VHDX Format Specification v0.95", published 4/12/2012
    https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=29681
block: add read-only support to VHDX image format.

This adds in read-only support to the VHDX image format.  This supports
reads for fixed-size, and dynamic sized VHDX images.

Differencing files are still unsupported.

The image must be opened without BDRV_O_RDWR set, because we do not
yet update the headers.  I.e., pass 'readonly=on' in the drive image
options from the QEMU commandline.

This is based on Microsoft's VHDX specification:
    "VHDX Format Specification v0.95", published 4/12/2012
    https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=29681
block: add header update capability for VHDX images.

This adds the ability to update the headers in a VHDX image, including
generating a new MS-compatible GUID, and checksum.
block: add write support for VHDX images

This adds in write support for VHDX images.  This supports writing to
both dynamic and fixed VHDX images.  Differencing images are still
unsupported.