fr tutorial: remove mention of clisp and openmath

Corresponding change to the English origial:
454f867577c6b6b418fee97fa5778051e149e3d2

See also trac #8328.
fr tutorial: add translation of latex.rst
fr tutorial: document %edit and friends

Corresponding changes to the original version:
2a193149aed587b5026b07b3726647054c9845d4
6664ebedb003253107df7c22fb55da5f1fbda6a3

See also trac #11219, #13823, #14051
fr tutorial: reflect changes in bc8058497885a8a82793d5d621366db2ac14b540
fr tutorial: add translation of tour_coercion.rst

See also trac #8821.
fr tutorial: reflect changes in b1008e96d2bc4a3c2dde7542b285e29cec966766

See also trac #8245.
fr tutorial: update tour_linalg.rst

- add RDF, CDF (#13657)
- adapt some other changes to the original that were apparently overlooked a
  while ago

Corresponding changes to the original version:
e98ddeecb6fd8ee3d594e72f99ff28e159611da6
955ae40e207ebb17d2708d7f2c35493d41dbc752
fr tutorial: reflect changes in 1aeda8850fffe3476870683be767356c9b4e1c9c

See also #14184.
fr tutorial: document ^^ (bitwise xor)

Corresponding change to the original version:
16b45e70f044676e1b1e6dec75f9813e7574f973

See also: #14621.
fr tutorial: Reviewer's patch
Fix broken example.
Merge build_system 5.12.beta3 into french_tutorial
Update to sage-5.12.beta3

Propagate output change introduced by #14382
Merge branch 'u/roed/ticket/14482' of ssh://trac.sagemath.org:2222/sage into ticket/15171
Added DiscreteValueGroup

There has been no class for the value group of a valuation such as the valuation on the p-adics. Implemented as a facade of the rationals.
Fixed a missing assignment in DiscreteValueGroup.
Improve count_points

I use Harvey's algorithm already in sage to speed up the computations.
Refactor point counting code for hyperelliptic curves.
First bunch of fixes and missing examples.
First commit for ticket 14770