change encoding to utf-8

moved the encodinng declaration up, so it effects other packages,
included a comment to show problems if editor encoding isn't correct.
fixed non utf-8 chars in Chapter01.tex
bib encoding header set to utf-8
comment for babel multi-language: main language
include some latex fixes, reorder fix package

reordering the fixltx2e for better compatibility + links in comments
whitespace cleanup

Trying to make the use of whitespace more consistent and the files
more readable (it's a mess if tabs and spaces are mixed).

As the prevalent intendation style was using spaces, all files are now
using spaces for indentation. Within each file the indentation size is
consistent, for some files it's 4, for others 2 spaces.

Below you find a summary and the used a python regexp usful for quick spotting:
- trailing whitespace: (?<!\s)[\t ]+$
- tabs or multi whitespace in lines with other chars: (?<=\S)([\t ]*\t[\t ]*|[\t ]* {2,}[\t ]*)(?=\S)
- mixed space / tab indents unified per file: ^( +\t+\s+)
corrected outdated ref to classicthesis-preample.sty
increase version number to 4.1.1 and update date
rename README to README.md
readme markdown for nicer presentation on github
include description of this fork in readme