Add rudimentary error checks and reformat comments

There were a number of functions assigning their return value to
`error` without much explanation.  I added in some rudimentary
error checking to help flesh out the example.

Also, I reformatted all of the comments down to 80 cols (and in
some cases, slightly updated the wording).
Fix memory leak in p_getaddrinfo on Amiga

If gethostbyname() fails on platforms with NO_ADDRINFO, the code
leaks the struct addrinfo that was allocated.  This fixes that
(and a number of code formatting issues in that area of code in
src/posix.c).
Clear up warnings from cppcheck

The cppcheck static analyzer generates warnings for a bunch of
places in the libgit2 code base.  All the ones fixed in this
commit are actually false positives, but I've reorganized the
code to hopefully make it easier for static analysis tools to
correctly understand the structure.  I wouldn't do this if I
felt like it was making the code harder to read or worse for
humans, but in this case, these fixes don't seem too bad and will
hopefully make it easier for better analysis tools to get at any
real issues.
Merge pull request #1344 from arrbee/fix-static-analyzer-issues

Fix static analyzer issues
Disable caching in Clar
Merge pull request #1349 from libgit2/clar-no-cache

Disable caching in Clar