Fix issue 11598 - uniform could be faster for integrals

These changes retain the uniform quality of this function while, in the
common case, cutting the number of division operations in half.

Additionally, extra unittests were added to assure that all of the
bounds were tested properly.
Fix formatting issues
Include algorithm documentation for integral uniform
Remove special-case check on rare condition

A special case was checked that only occurs when calling uniform with a range of only one element. This was not necessary to keep the math correct and represented a slight slowdown in the common case for no apparent benefit.
Fixed trailing whitespace
Merge pull request #1717 from Zshazz/issue_11598

Fix issue 11598 - uniform could be faster for integrals