Get cross crate default methods working.

This fixes the large number of problems that prevented cross crate
methods from ever working. It also fixes a couple lingering bugs with
polymorphic default methods and cleans up some of the code paths.

Closes #4102. Closes #4103.
auto merge of #7203 : msullivan/rust/default-methods, r=graydon

This fixes the large number of problems that prevented cross crate
methods from ever working. It also fixes a couple lingering bugs with
polymorphic default methods and cleans up some of the code paths.

Closes #4102. Closes #4103.

r? nikomatsakis