Calculator behavior/styling improvements and bugfixes

I'm not sure of KA's pull request conventions or where to find them, so any feedback or direction would be greatly appreciated.

The original commit message is below, but the more important fixes are these new ones from the second commit: 
the natural log function in the calculator was incorrect, that has been fixed (solves #61320)
the unary minus behavior in the calculator was incorrect, that also has been fixed (solves #61720, #61655)

Fixes included in the original commit follow:

Fix: Calculator giving answer would scroll the entire page to the
top in Firefox (caused by calc history autoscroll) (Edit: Didn't see
this bug report before sending this pull request, but this solves #55461)

Fix: a few pixels of history (left side) ending up off-screen. The
above change fixed this in Firefox but IE10 required more.

That fix changes input width to a percentage to work around IE10's
large scrollbar. A fixed sized width either clipped in IE or looked
too small in other browsers.

Fix: "DEG" clipping out of input box in DEG mode (Firefox and IE)