runtime: faster parallel GC
Use per-thread work buffers instead of global mutex-protected pool. This eliminates contention from parallel scan phase.

benchmark                             old ns/op    new ns/op    delta
garbage.BenchmarkTree2-8               97100768     71417553  -26.45%
garbage.BenchmarkTree2LastPause-8     970931485    714103692  -26.45%
garbage.BenchmarkTree2Pause-8         469127802    345029253  -26.45%
garbage.BenchmarkParser-8            2880950854   2715456901   -5.74%
garbage.BenchmarkParserLastPause-8    137047399    103336476  -24.60%
garbage.BenchmarkParserPause-8         80686028     58922680  -26.97%

R=golang-dev, 0xe2.0x9a.0x9b, dave, adg, rsc, iant
CC=golang-dev
https://codereview.appspot.com/7816044