Xcode wart.

This was duplicated in the `tree-contents` pull request I made some time ago.
Renames for consistency

`sha` => `SHA` and `oid` => `OID`, with an exception on the latter when the parameter is a `git_oid` (like the `GTOID` initializer).
Fixed GTIndex entryWithName: + added error arg

Previously, GTIdex's entryWithName: method treated the result of
git_index_find() as the position of the entry in the index. However,
this is wrong - the returned value is an error code (or zero for
success). So every time you called this method with any name, it would
return either zero or a negative error code, and the subsequent call to
git_index_get_byindex() would return the first entry.

This change modifies the behaviour to pass in a pointer to a position
variable of type size_t in which the position is stored by
git_index_find() on success, and this value is used to look up the index
entry. On error, the method returns nil.

I have also added one new method, entryWithName:error:, which allows the
caller to receive details of the lookup error, in case of failure.
GIIndex entryWithName: whitespace + error msg fixes
Style.

Closes #138
Merge pull request #216 from tiennou/xcode-wart

Xcode wart.
Rename weird method.
TomDocumentation.
Merge pull request #217 from tiennou/rename-sha-oid

Renames for consistency
Fix missed rename.
Full stops.
Merge pull request #219 from tiennou/entry-with-name-fix

Complete work on #138.
Merge branch 'master' into kill-casts

Conflicts:
	Classes/GTBranch.m
	Classes/GTCommit.m
	Classes/GTEnumerator.m
	Classes/GTRepository.h
	Classes/GTRepository.m
	Classes/GTTag.m
	ObjectiveGitTests/GTBlobTest.m
	ObjectiveGitTests/GTCommitTest.m